THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CHINAFushun in 1978 and 1979 probably dropped below
0.5 million tons, which is less than one-third the original capacity. 
 China is accelerating its efforts to build pipelines, ports, and vessels
to ship oil and gas. There are nearly 7,000 kilometers of trunk pipelines
at present (excluding local gas lines in Sichuan and elsewhere). China produces
mostly 20- to 30-centimeterdiameter welded pipes and imports mainly 61-centimeter
pipes. The need for seamless pipes is so great that the Chinese are considering
investing in pipemaking facilities in Japan. The newest major pipeline connects
the Shengli and Huabei oilfields with Nanking, 1,000 kilometers to the south.
Previously, Taching had already been connected with Chinhuangdao and Peking
via Tiehling, and separately to Dalien (Luda) and North Korea. Plans are
being made to build a big depot in Dalien to facilitate exports. Another
long pipeline is from Sichuan to the east coast. A 1,000kilometer pipeline
extends from Koerhmu to Lhasa at the southeastern tip of the Tsaidam Basin.
A short (140-kilometer) but important pipeline has been built from Chanjiang
to Maoming in Guangdong. 
 China's oil refinery and petrochemical facilities were being expanded at
a pace commensurate with the increase in crude production less exports and
direct domestic consumption of crude. All indications are that the country's
oil-refining capacity may be as much as 90 million tons per year as of early
1979. The Chinese reported that as of the fall of 1978, national oil-refining
capacity had increased nearly 400% in a decade, which means that the increment
is likely to be in excess of 60 million tons per year.68 They also report
that 57.5% of the increase came from buildup of old refineries and that this
buildup is equivalent to adding over 12 refineries of 2 to 3 million tons
per year each. Innovations have also helped to improve product quality and
variety. China's old refineries are basically of two types—an "ESSO"
type of about 2.5 million tons per year and a Soviet type of up to 2 million
tons per year; one or more of these basic units can be constructed wherever
necessary. The Chinese claim that their high-wax crudes are good as raw materials
for cracking. 
 
~ also chapter on Taiwan. 
269 
 
 2Formerly supervisory physical scientist, Branth of Foreign Data. 
 3The unit of Chinese currency is Yuan or Ren-Min-Bi 
(RMB). The nominal exchange rate was about 
RMB1.7=US$1.00 in early 1978, RMB1.6=US$1.00 in late 
1978, and RMB1.5=US$1.00 in late 1979. 
 4New China News Agency (Peking). Communique of the State Statistical Bureau
of China's Economic Plan Fulfillment and Population. June 27, 1979. 
 5Takungpao (Hong Kong). Feb. 12, 1979, p.9. 
 6New China News Agency (Peking). Jan. 9, 1980. 
 7New China News Agency (Peking). Feb. 7, 1980. 
 8Mining Week. Mining Journal (London). Feb 9, 1979, ~. 
101. 
 9New China News Agency (Peking). Dec. 14, 1978. Japan Metal Bulletin (Tokyo).
Jan. 13, 1979, p. 3. 
 ' °Engineering & Mining Journal. August 1978, p. 37. 
 ' 1New China News Agency (Peking). Dec. 14, 1978. 
 ' 2The Asian Wall Street Journal (Hong Kong). Dec. 6, 1978, p. 10. 
 ' 3New China News Agency (Peking). Jan. 21, 1979. 
 ' 4Takungpao (Hong Kong). Nov 4, 1977, p. 1. 
 15Takungpao (Hong Kong). Oct. 22, 1978, p. 3. 
 16The Asian Wall Street Journal (Hong Kong). Nov. 15, 
1978, p. 3. 
 17Takungpao (Hong Kong). Nov. 4, 1977, p. 1. ' 8The China Business Review
(Washington, D.C.). September-October, 1978, p. 69. 
 5The Washington Post. Jan. 6, 1979, p.1. 
 20Renmin Ribao (Peking). Nov. 10, 1978, p. 1. 
 21Takungpao (Hong Kong). July 24, 1978, p. 1. 
 22New China News Agency (Peking). Dec. 7, 1978. 
 23Takungpao (Peking). Oct. 18, 1978, P. 1. 
 24New China News Agency (Peking). Dec. 7, 1978. 
 25See Jen-Min Jih-Pao (Peking). Dec. 17, 1971, p. 1. 
 26Japan Metal Bulletin (Tokyo). Dec. 12, 1978, pp. 3-4. 
 27Japan Chemical Week. Oct. 12, 1978, p. 2. 
 28New China News Agency (Peking). Jan. 10, 1979. 
 29Jen-Min Jih-Pao (Peking). Feb. 22, 1919, p. 1. 
 30New China News Agency (Peking). Dec. 30, 1977. 
 31Takungpao (Peking). Aug. 17, 1976, p.3. 
 32Roskill's Letter from Japan (London). Oct 1978, pp. 4- 
5. 
 33Wall Street Journal (New York). Feb. 1, 1979, p. 25. 
 34Japan Chemical Week (Tokyo). Dec. 7, 1978, p. 1. 
 35Takungpao (Peking). September 1977, p.3. 
 36New China News Agency (Peking). Dec. 2, 1979. 
 "New China News Agency (Peking). Jan. 17, 1979. 
 38The Asian Wall Street Journal (Hong Kong). Dec. 5, 
1978, p. 3. 
 39Japan Chemical Week (Tokyo). Oct. 26, 1978, p.1. 
 40Takungpao (Peking). July 26, 1978, p. 1. 
 41New China News Agency (Peking). June 27, 1979. 
 42Xinhua News Agency (Peking). Oct. 1, 1978. 
 43New China News Agency (Peking). May 6, 1978. 
 44Petroleum News (Hong Kong) October 1978, p.6. 
 45Takungpao (Peking). Oct. 22, 1978, p. 3. 
 46Jen-Min Jih-Pao (Peking). Mar. 17, 1978, p. 1. 
 47Chemical Marketing Reporter (New York). Aug. 28, 
1978. 
 48Takungpao (Peking). Jan. 30, 1978, p. 1. 
 49Takungpao (Peking). Oct. 4, 1978, p. 1. 
 50Takungpao (Peking). Jan. 30, 1978, p. 1. 
 51New China News Agency (Peking). June 27, 1979. 
 52Honan Provincial Service (Chengchow, China). Sept. 
30, 1978. 
 53New China News Service (Peking). Sept. 26, 1977. 
 54Ti-Li Chih-Shih (Geographical Knowledge) (Peking). June 1977, pp. 15-16.

 55Takungpao (Peking). Jan. 1979, p. 1. 
 56New China News Agency (Peking). Feb. 20, 1979. 
 57New China News Agency (Peking). Mar. 13, 1979. 
 58Takungpao (Peking). Aug. 21, 1978, p. 1. 
 59New China News Agency (Peking). Jan. 22, 1980. 
 60Jen-Min Jih-Pao (Peking). Nov. 15, 1978, p. 1. 
 61Energy Daily (Washington D.C.). Dec. 5, 1979, p. 2. Source has good maps.

 62Scott, R. W. Oil and Gas in China. Reprint from the January and June issues
of World Oil (Houston). 16 pp. 
 63Takungpao (Peking). Sept. 2, 1978, p. 3. 
 64Takungpao (Peking). Nov. 21, 1978, p.3. 
 65Takungpao (Peking). Oct. 11, 1978, p. 1. 
 66Takungpao (Peking). Dec. 30, 1977, p. 1 
 67Takungpao (Peking). Apr. 10, 1978, p. 1. 
 68New China News Agency (Peking). Sept. 1, 1978.