Metal: 
Mine output, Cu content thousand metric tons 
 
Smelter: 
 
Primary' 
do. 
Secondary7 
do. 
Refined: 
 
Primary' 
do. 
Secondary7 
do. 
Gold, mine output, Au content 
kilograms 
Iron and steel: 
 
 
Iron ore,iron ore concentrates, iron ore 
agglomerates, gross weight thousand metric tons 
Metal: 
Pig iron do. 
Ferroalloys do. 
Steel, crude do. 
Lead: 
Mine output, Pb content do. 
Metal: 
Smelter: 
Primary do. 
Secondary do. 
Refined: 
Primary do. 
Secondary do. 
Magnesium metal, smelter: 
Primary metric tons 
Secondary do. 
Manganese ore, gross weight thousand metric tons 
Mercury, mine output, Hg content metric tons 
Molybdenum, mine output, Mo content do. 
 
22,596 
r40,342 
' 34,021 
' 32,103 
32,593 
' 8,243 
' 8,323 
' 8,667 
' 8,693 
8,820 
' 7,962 
' 8,090 
r8,279 
' 8,025 
8,008 
r975 
rl,1O1 
r~,[35 
' 1,062 
1,044 
r8,233 
' 8,472 
r8,693 
' 8,710 
8,988 
' 1,493 
' 1,748 
' 1,850 
' 1,836 
1,495 
' 1 ,660,535 
' 1 ,848,448 
' 2,023,050 
r2,127,398 
2,111,522 
' 902,737 
' 926,047 
' 953,294 
' 929,023 
900,840 
' 522,720 
r553,888 
r562,947 
' 550,973 
528,485 
' 15,969 
r17,767 
' 18,118 
' 17,474 
16,629 
' 734,319 
' 779,782 
' 786,219 
' 770,638 
733,673 
' 3,352 
' 3,359 
' 3,285 
' 3,390 
3,318 
' 3,241 
' 3,259 
' 3,235 
' 3,130 
3,016 
' 2,415 
' 2,516 
r2,670 
' 2,563 
2,457 
' 3,193 
' 3,220 
' 3,265 
' 3,130 
3,029 
' 2,529 
' 2,596 
r2,707 
' 2,701 
2,613 
323,930 
334,348 
' 344,448 
' 353,512 
339,269 
' 65,665 
' 75,825 
' 81,970 
' 87,937 
79,671 
' 23,931 
r25,023 
¶26,575 
' 25,441 
25,526 
5,534 
' 6,835 
r6,749 
' 5,061 
4,536 
' 99,471 
r107,360 
r130,299 
' 122,232 
112,224 
26,008 
23,767 
r.~4,354 
' 21,841 
15,920 
' 890,539 
' 917,717 
' 970,493 
' 937,173 
922,944 
' 857,103 
' 929,631 
r933,730 
' 883,015 
875,636 
' 270,281 
' 280,160 
' 279,72~6 
"288,502 
291,678 
' 1,421 
rl,685 
' 1,604 
' 1,794 
1,809 
r14,019 
r14,517 
' 15,057 
r15,122 
14,723 
74 
' 69 
' 67 
' 71 
79 
' 179,902 
' 204,816 
' 233,607 
' 218,518 
196,695 
' 188,156 
' 214,058 
' 218,868 
' 222,737 
204,758 
' 16,204 
r19,482 
' 19,133 
' 18,150 
15,606 
Monazite concentrate (source of rare-earth metals and thorium)' 
do. 
 
Nickel: 
Mine output, Ni content do. 
Metal, plant output do. 
Platinum-group metals, mine output, metals 
content kilograms 
Selenium, refinery3 ~ metric tons 
Silver, mine output, Ag content do. 
Tellurium, refinery3 ~ ~ do. 
Tin: 
Mine output, Sn content do. 
Metal, smelter: 
Primary do. 
Secondary do. 
See footzx,tcs at end of table. 
26  MINERALS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY—1991TABLE 4—Continued

 
WORLD PRODUCTION OF MAJOR MINERAL COMMODITIES' 
 
Commodity 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991" 
METALS—Continued 
Columbium-tantalum concentrate, gross weight3 
 
 
Copper: 
metric tons