The MINNESOTA CONSERVATIONIST 
 
 
  At the time of the final disappearance 
of the buffalo from the rapidly settling 
part of the state, caribou were still 
abundant in the northern heavily timber- 
ed sections as well as in the endless 
muskegs north of Upper Red Lake. 
Straggling caribou even came as far 
south as central Cass County in the west 
and to northern Pine County in the east. 
At that time moose were not so abundant 
but were widely scattered over the same 
area. 
  Extensive lumbering operations in all 
of these parts of the timbered area of 
the state immediately following the Civil 
War gradually drove the caribou back 
nearer and nearer the Canadian boun- 
dary. It is those which survived the 
rifles of the men employed to supply the 
logging camps with fresh meat that re- 
main to us now. For many years past, 
the only caribou in continental United 
States has been a pitiful remnant in the 
impassable muskegs north and east of 
Upper Red Lake, and it is feared at this 
time that they are nearing extermination. 
  At the time the caribou were most 
abundant, moose were not at all num- 
erous in the country in which they have 
existed for many years past, but came 
on in increasing numbers upon the dis- 
appearance of the caribou. Deer, which 
is now so abundant in the northern part 
of the state, did not inhabit the country 
now occupied by the moose or the caribou 
up to 1860, but their northern range at 
that time was approximately what their 
southern range is today. This is easily 
explained by the fact that in the heavy 
evergreen forests covering the state at 
that period, food did not occur in suf- 
ficient abundance to permit its occupa- 
tion by the deer, but after the destruction 
of the forests by the lumbermen, follow- 
ed by destructive forest fires, and this in 
turn by an entirely new growth of hard- 
wood, and even forage plants suitable 
for deer, living conditions favorable to 
them permitted a rapid increase of deer 
population in this new area. 
  We have seen a gradual northward ex- 
tension of the deer habitat ever since 
that time until it now has passed beyond 
northern Minnesota far into Ontario. 
Whitetailed deer have a peculiar adapt- 
ability to withstand the nearness of 
civilization so long as they are afforded 
some measure of protection. On the 
other hand, moose do not like human re- 
lationship and we very much fear at this 
time that the unusual activities in road- 
building and other enterprises in the 
limits of its present range are going to 
force it back across the border into Can- 
ada where it will be lost to us, probably 
for all time. 
  As an example, one instance can be 
cited to show what is going on. North- 
ern Light Lake, about eighteen or twenty 
miles north of Grand Marais in Cook 
 
 
PROTECTION 
 
 
  NATURE 
protects her chil- 
dren against their 
common enemies. 
In  summer   the 
jack rabbit wears 
a  coat of grey 
like the dead 
grass. In winter 
this coat turns 
white like the 
snow. 
 
 
      THE 
 KELVINATOR 
provides you year 
round controlled 
protection for 
your food against 
it's enemy - 
spoilage. 
 
 
NORTHERN STATES 
 
 
POWER COMP 
 
 
ANY 
 
 
Electrical Refrigeration is Found at it's Best in 
 
                         THE 
                KELVINATOR 
 
 
                 FARMERS AND SETTLERS 
 
with wood lots in Northeastern Minnesota, have a market for their forest

products at Cloquet. Nearly every kind of tree that grows is used by the

various Industries in this town. It behooves every settler and wood lot owner

to see that fires are kept out and that the young trees are conserved so
that he 
will have a cash crop of wood to sell each year. The Northwest Paper Company

pays cash for each truck load of wood as it is hauled in. 
 
 
         THE NORTHWEST PAPER COMPANY 
 
 
21