16R LlF2 7AIQV1T 
 
 
                    S. 13. Locke, ioooiate Biologist, 
 
              Intermountain iloreat & "kange xporixanit .-tation

 
 
       Until within about the laot decade few who were concerned with 
the mainteunoe of wild-life thought of anzytting but      protection   d

open and closed seaeonns  i hen geme a-imas become scarce it vaS ,Mder- 
atood that a cloeod seoson should be placed on them ind if they responded

by inereasing, an open aeason wao declared. This eeneud to be the sum 
and subntance of the ectivity for g.ae protection. Other tvln g&  o animals

or birds were not considered for Irotection and, ,pticularly thous which

in saw wzv mlght confleit with human activitlea, were eondemned to be de-

stroyed without conaidering posaible beneflcilt rulationships. 
 
       Failure of protective laws alone to bring satisfactory results 
or the development of unfavovable conditions due to a few cases of over-

productlon has neaesaitated a different attitudeo Public sentiment Ma8 
lagged behind ad genefl.y when applied to specific oases has not been 
ready to accept chaaged oonditlons either in the failure of protection 
alone to preserve a species or in the need of intelligknt control where an

over-production occurred. 
 
       Perhaps the soundest criticism of ugcncies responsible for wild 
life conservation is not lack of knowing what is proper action when the need

of such beacmes evident but in the failure to foresee the need of such 
action before the !ituttion beoame acute. After the true conditions on the

KaUibab National ýbreat, due to the heavy overstocking by deer, were
thorough- 
ly understood by the officers of the ýorest 3arvice and Bioloýgca
3urvey, 
action was delayed because of the refusl of the public to accept the 
situttion. At the present time a definite appreciation is developing of 
the need of basing the handling of vild-life on sound inforntion. This 
includes not only the life history and factors influencing t,)V productivity

of species but a study of where wild-lifo can fit in the economic situntion

and present day civilization. Wild-life species cannot nurvive unless they

have suitable plaoes to live and breed, which fact is the foundtion of 
the establishment of migratory bird refuges now being erried on by the 
Federal sovemnont. 
 
       The trnining of foresters and the necensity for carefully planning

the memant of other forest resources led them to approach the game 
problem ais omething to be definitely planned und managed.   A     aiuce
wau 
requested from the Biolojeal 5urveyt particularly .here special problev 
existed, and plans were ;orlwd out through this cooporation.