harvesting the production. Elk are much more inclined to conflict with 
settlement but may apparently be maintained in considerable numbers in 
many localities. Mountain sheep are one of our finest big game animals 
but in many localities are so reduced in numbers as to make their 
survival problematical. They conflict but very slightly with economic uses.

Due to their susceptibility to disease and damage by predatory animals their

preservation requires careful attention. Mountain goats are much restricted

in natural rang but possibly could be established outside this. They 
occupy practically waste country and do not conflict with economic interests.

Antelope occupy country of a type which has been largely turned into ranches

and their range is very much curtailed. Due to conflict with agricultural

development they cannot be maintained in many areas. Because of this, 
probably some special measures are justified for their conservation in the

few areas suitable for such. Mose are restricted in range and are not 
adapted to life in close proximity to settlements. They will need to be 
maintained principally in undeveloped areas. The native game birds need 
carefuLl study to determine the factors influencing their survival and 
action taken to make conditions favorable as far as possible. Migratory 
birds, particularly waterfowl, are being given careful study by the 
Biological Survey and this combined with action to supply breeding and feed-

ing areas will help to maintain them in numbers., However, the natural 
curtailment due to drainage and industrial development indicates that the

supply may be reduced much below that of years past. These all point to 
conditions requiring careful planning to maintain the various species in

their proper places. 
 
       Some specific wild-life management problems are being studied by the

Biological Survey, States and other agencies. In the eastern, southern and

central states considerable attention has been given to a study of the up-

land game birds, particularly the grouse and quail. A puzzling problem has

been the duck malady causing the loss of millions of ducks in certain season.

Valuable discoveries have been made recently by the Biological Survey regard-

ing this problem. Within the Intermountain region particular attention has

been given the Kaibab deer situation by the State, Forest Service and Biological

Survey, Studies are being made of the range conditions and a program of re-

moval of excess ntnber carried out by trapping and supervised hunting. Dur-

ing the past fall in excess of 5000 deer were taken out by hunters by a system

of carefully supervised hunting. On parts of the Salmon, Challis4 Payette

and Idaho National Forests in central Idaho is a back country containing
slight 
economic resources but of a type which has high value as a big game area
and 
recreation ground. Attempts to use this for grazing have demonstrated its

undesirability. This has been designated as a primitive area and studies
are 
being made by the Forest Service and Biological Survey to make it as produc-

tive of game as possible, but at the same time to keep the number of deer
with- 
in the sustained carrying capacity. Here the problem is largely one of deter-

mining its grazing capacity for game alone, increasing the game to that point

and removing the production.