ALDO LEOPOLD AND SARA ELIZABETH JONES 
 
 
Ecological Monographs 
         Vol. 17, No. 1 
 
 
Species, Station, Item 1935      1936      1937      1938       1939    
 1940      1941      1942       1943      1944      1945     Average 
82  BIRD-FOOT VOLET (Viola pedata var. linerilo) 
Sauk: in bloom .......                               5/1-?     5/1-6/4  5/12-6/5
 4/30-5/23 4/25-5/31 5/8-6/4    5/11-6/1  4/21-6,16   5/2 
Dane: in bloom .....   5/2-?     5/91-?    5/10-?     ....       ....   
  ..       5/8-?     4/25-?     ....      ....    4/11-6/21   5/1 
 
 
        A few autumn blooms were seen in Sank County, Sept. 20, 1944. 
83 ARABIS (Arabis drummondi) 
Sauk:in bloom ....... ....   I   ,..    I  ....   I   ....  I   .... . 
84 RIVER BIRCH (Betula nigra) 
 
 
I   ....  1   5/1-? 1   5/7-? 1 5/11-5/311 4/22-5/201  5/3 
 
 
Sauk: inblom ....... I ....   I   ...   I  ....   I    ...  I   ....    5/11-5/171
 ....   I ?-5/9   j   ....  15/15-5/211   4/13-? I  (5/3) 
 
 
        Leafing began with blooming in 1944, and was completed by May 31.

85 SAND CHERRY (Prunns pumila) 
Sauk: in bloom (b)...I ....  I   ....   I  ....   I   ....  I   .. .    ?-5/30
   ?-5/9    I 4/25-5/9 I 5/9-5/27 15/17-5/251 4/22-5/201 5/3 
        The leafing period coincides with the blooming period. 
86 EASTERN KINGBIRD (Tyrannns tyrannus) Arrives. 
Sauk: ............... I ....I...        1  5/1     (by 5/14)   5/4      
 5/2       5/1       5/2       5/2      (by 5/11)   5/18      5/4 
Dane:. ..............  5/6       5/3       4/17      4/21      4/30     
 5/5       4/25      4/29      5/6        5/7       5/12      5/1 
 
 
87 NORTHERN CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus crinitus boreus) Arrives. 
 
 
Sauk: ..............   .   ...     ..   I   ....              (by 5/14) 
 5/4       4/29      5/1       5/8        5/11    (by 5/18)   5/4 
Dane: ............... .511       5/2"      4/17      5/2    1   5/6
      5/6       511       4/21      5/3        5/3       5/13      5/3 
88  OAKS ............ (Quercus solutina; macrocarpa; borealis var. maxima;
alba) 
Sauk: in pallen 
      Black .........  ...            ....           ....       .... .. 
  ..       ....    ?-5/9        ....      5 3       42-      (5/4) 
      Barr .......... .....   ....                    ....      ....    
 ....      ....    ?-5/9        ....      5/20-?    4/23-?   (5/5) 
      Red ...........  ...       5/10-?    5/8-?      ...       ..      
  ..       ..         ......              5/17-?I   ....      (5/12) 
      White .........  ...       .."..                ..           
                 ..       ..                   5/23-?    ...      (5/23)

 
      Black ..........      ....      ....      ....       ....         
 ....      4/33-?    4/30-?     ....    5/15-5/19 4/25-5/7   (5/3) 
      Barr .............  .......                ....                   
 ....      ....                         5/15-5/191 4/20-4/301 (5/6) 
 
 
        In general, black andi burr oak bloom first; red antd white later.
In 1944t, pollen dleveloped in all s,).,LeS ,l- uiys aft~er the cat&ius
appearedl, wherea.s na 1-5 
        about three weeks elapsed before pollen appeared. In both years leafing
began with the first catkins, bat c.so1letioas of leafing required only 2
weeks in 1944, 
        but over a month in 1945. In 1945 the catkins and young leaves of
many oaks were destroyed by frost. Sams such trees did not complete rcleafing
until June. 
89 STEMLESS BLUE VIOLET (Viola cucullata)* 
Dane: in bloom ...... I 5/2-? 1  ....        9        .... 5    ....    
 ....      5/11-? I  5/13-? I   ....  t5/13-6/1 I 4/6-5/31 I  5/4 
90 BELLWORT (Oakessia sessilifolia) 
Sauk: first bloom..  .  .I .. . I .....      .......   .     I.-.       
 5/11       ....  14/25         5/7    1  5/7       5/1    15/4 
91 FRANKLIN GROUND SQUIRREL (Citellunfranklini) Emerges. 
Dane: ...............   ..       5/4      ....    14/21    1    ....    
 ....       ....      ...      ...        5/12      5/10      5/4 
92 WILD PLUM (Prunus americana) 
Sauk: in bloom...... I........   ....              ?-5/3        ....    
 ....    ?-5/9     4/25-5/9    5/8-?      5/13-?    4/16-?    5/5 
Dane: in bloom......  .....   ....         55/2-? 4/12-4/29+    ....    
 ....      5/1-?     4/25-?  5/5-5/22   5/12-5/22 4/26-5/14   4/29 
Sank & Dane:                                      I               I 
            I          I 
      fruit ripe .... .....      ....      825        ....   I  ....    
 ....      8/29       ....      ....      ....      8/25      (8/26) 
        Leafing begins with blooming, but is completed before the end of
bloom. 
93  GEUM (Geum triflorum) 
Sank: in bloom (b) .. . ...      ....      .          ....      ....    
 ....    (by 5/2)     ....      ....    5/19-5/27 4/25-5/7    (5/5) 
Dane: ...............[                                            .     
           4/28-?     ....                ....    5/1-6/14    (4/30) 
94 PIN CHERRY (Prunus pennsyloanica) 
Sank: inbloom.. .5/.-?                  I   .  -I     ....  I          1
 5/17                 .        5/7        5/12      4/13      5/5 
Dane: in bloom......   ...       5/'5-     5/1?       ....              
 ....      5/7-       ..        ....    ?-5/17   14/10-4/29   5/1 
95 BALTIMORE ORIOLE (Icterns galbula) Arrives. 
Sauk: ...............I ....    (by 5/10)           (by 5/14) j          
 5/11      5/2       5/1        5/2       5/11   1  5/7       5/5 
Dane: ...............  5/7    1  5/2       5/7"      5/2    ,   5/4.
     5/5       4/29      4/29       5/1       5/2       5/6       5/3 
96 EASTERN WARBLING VIREO (Viresogileaagilsus) Arrives. 
Sank: ..............1                                 5/70  .   .       
 5...      5/2       5//1       5/9     (by 5/12) (by 5/18)   5/5 
Dane: ..............   5/8       5/3       5/8'       4/30      5/4     
 5/12      5/1       5t1        5/2       5/5       5/8       5/5 
97    SUGAR MAPLE (Acer saccharum) 
Dane: in pollen ...... I .... I  ....   I                       ....   I
 5/11-? I   .... 5   5/25-? T   ....    5/8-5/16 I  4/7-?      5/5 
89  BOBOLINK (Dolichonyxoryzivoru) Arrives. 
 
 
90 
 
 
Sank: ................. ....  I         I   .         5/7               
 5/4       5/2        ....      5/9       5/7     (by 5/18)    5/6 
Dane: ...5........I .  4/25      54         4/26      5/4            5  
  /5    I5/4        I4/29       5/9       5/13      5/9        5"3 
99 ROSE BREASTED GROSBEAK (Hedymeles ludosicianas) Arrives. 
Sak: ...........                   ,o/10....      I         I ..        
 5/11     5/2        5/1                  /6     I             5/6 
Dane:.    .......      ../7      5/1       5/9       5/1i       5/6     
 5/6       5/7       5/1       5/8        5/6       5/9       5/6 
 
 
Dane: ...............  5/7   1