540 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1941
spectively In view of the scarcity of scrap the Mmistry of Commerce decided
to request steel-manufacturing companies to use a ratio of 70 percent pig
iron to 30 percent scrap in the production of steel.'7 To offset the loss
of scrap imports, the Government intensified scrapcollection efforts, and
such material as railway cars, posts, kitchen utensils, gutters, pipes, and
manhole covers was salvaged.. Fences around Government and busmess buildmgs
were salvaged, as were the numerous ships that have been wrecked in nearby
Japanese-controlled areas 18 The iron and steel mdustnal policy as regards
the purchase and distribution of scrap iron, which had been inaugurated previously,
was extended to provide for closer control of the allotment of iron and steel
raw materials. V
 United V Kingd om.—S crap remained an extremely significant V factor
in the production of steel in the United Kingdom in 1941, especially smee
operations at iron and steel mills were conducted at or near record levels
throughout the year. Imports of scrap from the United States contmued until
September, when a decision was reached to discontmue the exportation of scrap
materials from the United States to Great Britam 19 House-to-house collection
campaigns were contmued and produced sizable quantities of scrap In addition
to these collections, scrap was being salvaged from buildings damaged by
the enemy, derelict factories, abandoned railroad and. street-car installations,
and other sources of supply Buildmgs damaged by bombs yielded large quantities
of iron and steel scrap, offsettmg the curtailment of imports Local authorities
were mstructed to compile a list of all unnecessary gates and railmgs, with
the exception of those serving a safety purpose or having historic interest
or artistic merit.2° These measures tended to increase the supply of
scrap material, with the result that at the end of the first half of the
year stocks of iron and steel scrap were approximately 50 percent larger
than during 1940, and adequatesupplies were available throughoutthe entire
year 1941.21
 The British Ministry of Supply issued Control of Iron and Steel
V (Scrap) Order 14, which decreed complete control over all buying and selling
of scrap.22 This decree regulated the acquisition or disposition of scrap
except by license; exports of scrap were also prohibited except under license
issued by the Export Licensing Department of the Board of Trade. In conjunction
with this decree, maximum prices were established covering all sales of iron
and steel scrap. Toward the close of the year the scrap-collection drives
were placed upon a firmer national basis and were being directed by the Ministry
of Works and Buildings with plans made to grant the Ministry power to commandeer
obsolete property of all descriptions.23 With a view to conserving raw materials,
manufacture of a large list of items from steel was restricted, including
metal windows, beds, springs, furniture, buttons, buckles, and sundry manufactures.24
In the production of pig iron Jess scrap was employed in blast furnaces because
of an increased use of home-produced iron ores.

17 Foreign Commerce Weekly, vol. 4, No. 2, July 12, 1941, p. 14.
I9 Waste Trade Journal, vol. 72, No. 4, November 1, 1941, P. 15.
° American Metal Market, vol. 48, No. 169, August 30, 1941, p. 1.
20Ironand Coal Trades Review, vol. 143, No. 3836, September 5, 1941, p. 217.
21 Iron Age, vol. 147, No. 26, June 26, 1941, p. 98.
22 Waste Trade Journal, vol. 70, No. 25, March 29, 1941, pp. 105, 107, 113.
23 Iron Age, vol. 148, No. 25, December 18,1941, p. 131.
24 American Metal Market, vol. 48, No. 110, June 7, 1941, p. 6.