170 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1941

titanium dioxide, minimum 10 percent; zinc oxide, minimum 24 percent; white
lead, minimum 24 percent; sum of zinc oxide and white lead, minimum 48 percent;
inert pigments, maximum 40 percent. A semi-chalk-resisting type of titanium
dioxide is required.

Distribution of white lead (dry and in oil) sales, 1937—41, by industries,
in short tons
Industry
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
Paint                              
Ceramics                           
Other -
93,580
2, 506
2,127
95,018
1,918
3,277
92,380
1,767
4,282
73,137
3,029
4,396
100,665
3,704
8,631

98,213
100,213
98,429
80, 562
113,000
 Ba8ic lead sulfate.—The outstanding use of basic lead sulfate is also
in the manufacture of paint; 90 percent of the total was sold for that purpose
in 1941. The increasing use of this pigment in making leaded zinc oxide has
been noted in earlier chapters of this series. The practice assumed record-breaking
proportions in 1941, when 12,000 tons were so used compared with the previous
peak of 7,700 tons in 1939. These quantities are included in the totals for
leaded zinc oxide but not in those for basic lead sulfate.

Distribution of basic lead sulfate sales, 1937—41, by industries, in
short tons
Industry
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
Paints                      
Rubber                     
Storage batteries               
Other                      
8,255
213
6
5,024
91
3
5,170
140
4
5,593
128
4
9,285
200
8

148

8,622
683

5,801
224

5,538
475

6,200
877

10,370
 Red iead.—Sales of red lead were record-breaking in 1941; they exceeded
the previous ~peak in 1929 by 25 percent and fulifiled the promise of increased
use made when it became evident that a tremendous expansion in plant construction
to supply materials for war purposes would develop. Although sales. to makers
of storage batteries continued to represent the larger part of the total,
they did not advance in the same ratio as sales to manufacturers of paints,which
gained 68 percent.
 An Emergency Alternate Federal Specification for Red-Lead-Base Reaçly-Mixed
Paint, E—TT--P—86, changed the specifications for this paint
to: Pigment, red lead (95 percent grade), minimum 40 percent; red iron oxide
(70 percent Fe203), minimum 20 percent; zinc oxide, minimum 10 percent; extenders,
remainder (magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, silica, or mixtures).

Distribution of red lead sales, 1937—41, by industries, in short tons
Industry
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
Storage batteries                     
Paints                             
Ceramics                           
Other                             
20,275
10,440
854
2,382
19,057
8,698
655
1,773
24, 709
11,421
1, 123
2,723
26,718
11,949
1, 117
2,416
'  27,405 20,130
1,593
4,710

33,931
30,183
39,976
42,200
53,838