517IRON AND STEEL SCRAP
By HAROLD E. CARMONY



SUMMARY OUTLINE
 Page  Page
General summary 517 Consumption—Continued.
 Salient statistics 519  Consumption by type of furnace—Cont.
Prices 520   Bessemer converters 53
Legislation 521   Electric steel furnaces 53
Stocks 522   Cupola furnaces 533
 Consumers' stocks 522   Air furnaces 534
 Suppliers' and producers' stocks 525   Crucible and puddling furnaces 535
Consumption 525   Blast furnaces 536
 Consumption by districts and States 527 Foreign trade 537
 Consumption by type of furnace 530 World aspects 538
  Open-hearth furnaces 530  Cartel activities 538
   Review by countries 538




GENERAL SUMMARY

 Under the impetus of greatly increased activity m war industries, steel-ingot
production in 1941 surged to unprecedented heights, creating the greatest
demand for iron and steel scrap ever known The production of steel mgots
in 1941 increased 24 percent over that in 1940 Reflecting this rise in steel-ingot
productlQn, the use of ferrous scrap increased 33 percent over that consumed
in the previous record year—1940 This greater mcrease in the use of
scrap as compared with the rise in the steel-ingot production was necessitated
by the relatively smaller mcrease in pig-iron production, which rose 20 percent
over 1940 During the first 6 months of 1941, scrap consumption was fairly
stable, but with the accelerated rate of war-material manufacture, demand
improved as steel production soared to record proportions in the closing
months of the year. The consumption of scrap probably reached an all-time
peak in October 1941. Despite the large increase in demand, prices increased
only slightly as a result of price-control activities of the Federal war
agencies. Stocks of iron and steel scrap consistently declined throughout
the year. During November and December, many consumers were obliged to increase
the amount of pig iron used because of the curtailment of available supplies
of scrap caused by the continued large demand.
 The total consumption of ferrous scrap and pig iron in 1941 increased 27
percent over that in 1940. Of the 115,401,728 net tons used, 93,042,313 tons
were charged to steel-making furnaces and 22,359,415 tons to iron furnaces.
In making the average ton of steel in 1941 more scrap and less pig iron were
used than in 1940; the relative cónsumption of home scrap increased
considerably in 1941 over 1940, and that of purchased scrap increased slightly.
In iron furnaces the relative use of total scrap also increased, and that
of pig iron decreased. This increase in the relative use of scrap resulted
from larger consumption of home scrap in 1941 compared with 1940. The proportion
of purchased scrap used increased only slightly.
 Statistics on exports of ferrous scrap from the Uiiited States in 1941 are
not available for publication, except the total amount exported during the
first 9 months of the year. However, from the data pro
i Minerals Yearbook, 1939, p. 513, defines the various scrap terms used In
this report.