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Circulars and pamphlets had already been sent to Europe.65 He furthermore
pointed out to the governor that he visited all the foreign consuls in New York
City as well as agents of transportation lines and the officers of the various
societies formed to protect the emigrants. He enlisted the services of five men
whose duty it was to visit "all emigrant ships" on their arrival in the port, to
hand descriptions of Wisconsin to the passengers, speak with them, and give
them Haertel's business card along with advertisements printed in English and
German. Finally, he made arrangements for direct ticketing of emigrants from
Germany to Wisconsin through the port of New York.66
The last commissioner, Frederick W. Horn,67 retained his predecessor's
practices in New York, but also, following the special committee's suggestion,
appointed a subagent who was deployed to Qu6bec.68
Each of the three commissioners, Van Steenwijk, Haertel, and Horn,
compiled reports to the governor on their respective activities. These documents
appear to have consisted of periodic letters (for several of them remain in
existence) as well as of annual reports. The annual reports for 1852 (authored
by Van Steenwijk) and for 1853 (Haertel) are found in bound volumes,
appended to the laws for the years of 1853 and 1854. Commissioner Horn's
annual report for 1854 was never printed nor finalized. To this day it only
exists in handwritten manuscript form, edited by the author but never formally
submitted to the governor.69
65. HHAR 4-5. He specifically indicated that he had sent copies of the office's pamphlets to
the editors of "a large number of newspapers in the United States, Germany, Ireland, Scotland,
Norway, Sweden, Holland, and Switzerland with the request to insert extracts therefrom in
their respective journals." He also noted that he had selected a number of newspapers for
both correspondence and advertisements, including the Tribune, Herald and Democrat (New
York), the Daily Wisconsin, Sentinel, Wisconsin Banner, Volksfreund (Milwaukee), Nieuwsbode
(Sheboygan), the Newarker Zeitung, Phoenix, Anzeiger des Nordwestens, and Republicaner
in America (Newark), the London Times and Tablet (England), the Tipperary Free Press
(Ireland), in the German states the LeipzigerAllgemeine Zeitung, Schwbischer Kurier,
Casselsche Zeitung, AllgemeineAuswanderungs-Zeitung (Bremen & NewYork), Nrnberger
Correspondent, Leipziger Zeitung, Bremer Auswanderungs-Zeitung, and in Switzerland the
Baseler Zeitung (HHAR 5).
66. Cf. HHL (n.d.).
67. Originally from Prussia, Horn, a judge in Mequon (Ozaukee County), served as Ozaukee
County School Superintendent and also as Speaker of the Assembly (1853). Cf. Conzen 121;
Joseph Schafer, Four Wisconsin Counties, 157, 236; Current 217, 299.

68. See p. 26-27 above. Cf. also FHQR and next note.
69. This report is cited by Blegen. He notes that correspondence concerning the
commisioner's office and between the commissioner and the governor is to be found in
the "Governor's vault, box 123," State Capitol (Blegen 9, note 13). Efforts to ascertain the

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