ELIZABETH A. ELDREDGE

48. Maziyana, 281. The term is translated by James Stuart as the "scattering of peoples" because it
referred not to the literal death of people but to the end of the existence of the sociopolitical units
in which they lived.
49. Mabonsa, 14, 20, 26. The fate of the AmaNgwane and the AmaHlubi who migrated west into the
Caledon River region is summarized below. The arrival of the AmaHlubi and AmaNgwane in the
Caledon River valley in 1821, as remembered by the people they disrupted and then told to French
missionaries upon their arrival in Lesotho in 1833, dates the dispersal of the AmaHlubi chiefdom
to late 1820 or early 1821.
50. Melapi, 78, 92; Madikane, 53; Maquza ka Gawushane in JSA v.2, 236-37; Dinya, 115, 117.
51. Melapi said, "Tshaka began on [AmaCele chief] Mande when he devastated the whole of Natal.
That is where his operations began, and these included Nzala ka Mangqwashi and Duze ka
Mnengwa-also, says Maziyana, Sokoti ka Mdingi ka Magojolo of the Nganga people, also Nkuna
ka Mbedu, chief of the amaNsomi." Melapi, 81.
52. Maziyana, 296.
53. Ngidi, 63.
54. Maziyana, 295-96.
55. Maziyana, 295-96.
56. Ibid,296.
57. Melapi ka Magaye, 92.
58. Ngidi, 63. There is some discrepancy in Ngidi's accounts.
59. Ngidi, 68, 72-73, 79; Mangati ka Godida in JSA v.2, 209; Baleni, 16-17; Shepstone, pars. 14-
19; Magludwini in interview of Madikane, 61; Madikane, 52-53; Mmemi, 270-71; Dinya ka
Zokozwayo in JSA v.1, 102-3; Lugubu, 284-85; Nduna ka Manqina in JSA v.5, 1-4.
60. Baleni, 17. See also Ngidi, 72.
61. Ngidi, 72-73.
62. Nduna, 4.
63. Nduna, 3.
64. Nduna, 4. The word coma is from ukuxhoma, to impale, and buxeka refers to "firmly driven into,"
e.g., as a stake or spear.
65. Ibid.
66. Shepstone, par. 17.
67. Nduna, 4; Ngidi, 79. We know that these events took place in the first half of 1821 because on
11 July 1821 the Portuguese governor at Maputo (Delagoa) Bay first reported the attacks and
depredations of the surviving immigrant AmaNdwandwe chiefdoms following the defeat of Zwide
and the AmaNdwandwe by the AmaZulu. From Portuguese sources the havoc caused by these so-
called "Vatwahs" can be traced, including their threats against the fort and negotiations with the
governor there. Caetano da Costa Matozo, letter of 11 de Julho de 1821, in M. Sequeira, "Cartas
dos Governadores de Lourenqo Marques Desde ' Restauraqdo do Presidio na Catembe (1799) a
Implantaqdo do Liberalismo na Colonia (1834)," Louren~o Marques, 1927, typescript.
68. Jantshi, 183; Zitshibili ka Nyakanyakana ka Mashobana, interviewed by Norman Nembula, in JSA
v. 5, 13.
69. Ndukwana, 278-79; Madikane, 60; Mabonsa ka Sidhlayi in JSA v.2, 25; Socwatsha, unpub., 24;
Jantshi, 183; For an overview of the history of Mzilikazi (Moselekatse) and his kingdom, that came
to be known as the AmaNdebele (Matabele), see Omer-Cooper, The Zulu Aftermath, 129-55. For
an authoritative account of the same see R.K. Rasmussen, Migrant Kingdom: Mzilikazi's Ndebele
in South Africa (London, 1978).
70. Mandhlakazi, 176; Fynn, Diary, 20-21; Omer-Cooper, 138, 142.
71. Mesach Ngidi in JSA v.5, 117.
72. Mgidhlana ka Mpande in JSA v.3, 107; Mayinga ka Mbekuzana in JSA v.2, 251.

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