388 GRADUATE SCHOOL

One whose undergraduate work is insufficient in amount or too nar-
rowly specialized must count on spending additional time in preliminary
studies essential as a basis for the advanced work the student purposes
undertaking.

Candidates who are engaged in teaching or other remunerated employ-
ment will be required to devote to their candidacy such period in excess of
the minimum requirement of three years as may be designated by the
Graduate Committee. It is suggested as a very desirable consideration that
every candidate for the degree should arrange to devote at least one year
exclusively to graduate study.

Residence as a graduate student in another institution of approved
standing will be accepted at the University, but residence elsewhere will not
reduce the minimum of one year of residence in this University. In evalu-
ating the time spent and work done elsewhere each case will be determined
on its merits.

Work done in absentia in past years and credited for the degree of

Master of Arts will not shorten the residence requirement for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in case a student becomes a candidate for that degree.
No absentia or correspondence work is now credited toward an advanced
degree.
In order to give the work of a graduate student greater breadth, a stu-
dent may be granted absence from the University to do special investiga-
tion in the field or to take advantage of opportunities for research in a spe-
cial subject not to be found in the University. Such leave of absence is
granted only in special cases and under definite limitations.

III. LANGUAGES. A reading knowledge of both French and German
is required of all candidates. Certificates of ability to read French and Ger-
man must be secured from the departments in this University and must be
filed with the Dean of the Graduate School before the candidate is admitted
to the preliminary examination. For detailed information and regulations
touching the issuance of these certificates, students may apply to the Dean
of the Graduate School.

The use of any other foreign language essential to the work of the
major subject is in addition to French and German. It is expected that a
candidate should have a reading knowledge of at least one language, French
or German, upon entrance to the Graduate School, and that he should prove
his ability to read one of the two, if not both, by the end of the first year

of graduate study.

IV. ‘PLANS oF Srupy. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is never
granted for miscellaneous studies. The course as a whole must be rationally
unified and all constituent parts must contribute to some general object of
study and research. The course must be selected from groups embracing
one principal subject, called the Major, and one or two subsidiary and cog-
nate branches, called the Minor.

Magsor Stupy. A candidate is required to select a field of study which
may be co-extensive with the work of a single department, or with one of
the “subjects” under which certain departmental plans of courses are ar-
ranged, or which may be constructed from two closely interrelated subjects.
Only in the exceptional case will a Major be allowed to extend beyond a
single department and then only with the prior approval of the Dean.

MINoR StupiEs. In order to obviate overspecialization, a candidate is
required to pursue one, and may pursue two, minor studies lying outside the
major subject but cognate with it. The relation of the subsidiary subjects