Ch. XV THE SECOND CRUSADE 481 
 
who were very unlike in temperament and sympathies, were more suited to dissipate
the unity of the legatine authority than to augment jt.17 
 Almost all Europe was now engaged in last-minute preparations for the crusade.
In France and Germany crusaders from all parts of the west had been gathering
since February and March. The Castilian king and his allies were preparing
to attack the Moslem town of Almeria. Recruiting for the expedition against
the Wends continued; both Bernard's letter and the papal bull were sent to
Moravia, and the papal legate Hubald carried the bull to Denmark, with the
result that the Danes who might have taken an active part in the eastern
crusade found this an easy and accessible way to accomplish their vows and
expiate their crimes.18 
 On April 27 the first party of crusaders had begun their journey. Men from
Flanders, Frisia, Normandy, and Cologne set out for England, where they were
joined by Scottish and English crusaders. In general these were sea-faring
men, accustomed to dealing with other lands in their voyages. No princely
leader directed the expedition; but before they left Dartmouth on May 19,
they had set up a very strict code of behavior, which has been recorded by
the author of De expugnatione Lyxbonensi as follows: 
"Among these people of so many different tongues the firmest guarantees of
peace and friendship were taken; and furthermore, they sanctioned very strict
laws, as, for example, a life for a life and a tooth for a tooth. They forbade
all display of costly garments. Also they ordained that women should not
go out in public; that the peace must be kept by all, unless they should
suffer injuries recognized by the proclamation; that weekly chapters should*
be held by the laity and the clergy separately unless some great emergency
should require their meeting together; that each ship should have its own
priest and keep the same observances as are prescribed for parishes; that
no one retain the seaman or the servant of another in his employ; that everyone
make weekly confession and communicate on Sunday; and so on through the rest
of the obligatory articles with separate sanctions for each. Furthermore
they constituted for every thousand of the forces two elected members who
were to be called judges or coniurati, through whom the cases of the constables
were to be settled in accordance with 
 17 Eugenius's letters to bishop Henry of Moravia in A. Boczek, Codex dipi.
et epist. Moraviae(Olmütz, 5836), p. 257, no. CCLXXVI, and p. z58, no.
CCLXXVII; Letters of Arnuif of Lisieux (ed. F. Barlow, London, ~ pp. xxv—xxvi;
Historia pontificalis, p. z~l.. 
 18 P. Riant, Expiditions et pilerinages des Scandinaves en terre sainte
au temps des croisades (Paris, i86~), p. 225.