Ch. XI THE CRUSADE OF 1101 347 
 
Italian — were to accuse the Lombard host of poor discipline and lack
of stamina in battle. The lay leaders were of respectable rather than exalted
rank: count Albert of Biandrate, with his brother Guido and his nephew Otto
Altaspata; Hugh of Montebello; and count Albert of Parma. This last Albert
has been identified as a brother of the anti-pope Guibert, who died just
as the crusaders marched off in September of 1100, and Albert's enlistment
has been cited as a posthumous token of Urban's victory.5 
* It was in France that Paschal II made his chief effort and had his chief
success, though it is impossible of course to say how much that owed to the
formal campaign of the church, how much to an aroused public opinion. In
response to Paschal's encyclical letter archbishop Manasses II of Rheims
wrote to bishop Lambert of Arras, repeating the pope's call for soldiers
and adding the pleas of Godfrey and Arnuif from Jerusalem. Presumably Manasses
wrote also to his other bishops. Perhaps other Gallic metropolitans did likewise:
our information in the case of Rheims results from a chance survival of a
bishop's correspondence. At any rate when Hugh of Die, archbishop of Lyons,
convoked a synod at Anse in the spring or summer of 1100 four archbishops
and nine bishops joined him in promulgating Paschal's crusading decree. Hugh
had served both Gregory VII and Urban II as legate in France, but Paschal
had decided to use Italians rather than natives in that office so Hugh took
the cross, later obtaiiiing the pope's permission to make the pilgrimage
and an appointment as legate in Asia.6 
 Soon after the meeting at Anse, Paschal's new legates, the cardinals John
of St. Anastasia and Benedict of St. Eudoxia, arrived in France. They held
a council at Valence toward the end of September and, passing through Limoges,
came to Poitiers where they convoked another council on November i8, fifth
anniversary of the opening of Clermont. At Poitiers certainly, and apparently
at the other cities, the legates preached the crusade, "violently exciting
the people that they should quickly aid the faithful in God's war." As at
Clermont, the response was im 
 ~ Landuif of San Paulo, Historia Mediolanensis (MGH, SS., XX), p. 22; Caffaro,
De liberatione, xii (p. 58); Ekkehard, xxii (p. 221); Albert of Aix, VIII,
i (p. 559); Riant, "Un Dernier triomphe d'TJrbain II," Revue des questions
historiques, XXXIV (1883), 247—254. Bishop Aldo of Piacenza was probably
in the army too: G. Tononi, "Actes constatant Ia participation des plaisancais
a la premiere croisade," AOL, I (i88i), pp. 395—405. 
 6 Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, XX, p. ' 75; Hugh of Flavigny, Chronicon (MGH,
SS., VIII), p. 487; Gallia Christiana, IV, 97—98; Cartulaire de l'abbaye
de Savigny (ed. A. Bernard, Paris, 1853), no. 819, p. 433; A. Fliche, Le
Re~gne de Philippe ler (Paris, 1912), p. 363.