hour. A raceway so constructed will afford a better control of the 
fish and prove very convenient as a storage place when it is necessary 
to handle them or to clean the pond. 
Ponds are usually drawn for the purpose of assorting or reducing 
the stock, cleaning, removing objectionable fishes, and for the elimi- 
nation of surplus vegetation. They should never be completely 
drained unless the fish can first be transferred to some suitable reser-

voir where they will have an abundant supply of good water. 
CONSTRUCTION OF POND. 
The mode of procedure in building a trout pond will vary with 
the physical characteristics of the site and the amount of money to 
be expended in the project. A trout pond should be rather broad and 
deep at one end; tapering toward a long narrow neck at the supply, 
with the view of providing for a decided current throughout a por- 
tion of its extent. This form of construction will apply to the 
average pond made by placing a dam across a small ravine or gully. 
Its size will of course,   governed in the majority of instances by 
the' contour of the site, its location with reference to the source of 
water Supply, and the lamount of water available. It should be no 
larger than will admit of its complete control in drawing off the 
water and handling the fish. The size under most conditions will 
probably be between 1 and 2 acres. On the other hand, it should not 
be too small. A pond of less than an acre in area is apt to become 
overstocked in a few years, especiafly where the larger fish are not 
removed, and the resulting shortage of natural food Will necessitate 
artificial feeding, an important factor for consideration. 
A pond may be located in a ravine, necessitating only the erection 
of a dam. If the ravine is subject to heavy freshets, it will be best to

construct the dam of masonry or heavy timbers, at least at its crest, 
and a spillway must be provided and screened to prevent the escape 
of the fish. In this latter particular great precaution must be exer- 
cised, because if the screening is improperly done there will be great 
danger of its clogging with ice and debris during flood periods, re- 
sulting in damage to the pond. 
Ponds that are wholly or partly surrounded by trees are desirable 
in many respects. If possible, the ponds should be shaded during 
the summer months; but this does not mean that they must be en- 
tirely void of sunlight, as that is an important factor in the pro- 
duction of small aquatic animal life. If surface water is strongly 
discolored by decayed vegetation or contains other deleterious mat- 
ter, it should not be permitted to enter the pond. Small trenches cut 
around the sides of the pond will usually be found valuable in carry- 
ing surface water to a waste ditch. In the fall of the year care 
should be taken to keep the pond free of leaves as far as possible, as 
they will cause considerable trouble on the inlet and outlet screens. 
Ponds should be so constructed that the overflow may be conducted 
to a similar pond at a lower level. The water may be used over a 
number of times by giving it a fall of at least 12 inches, so that it 
will become aerated before entering another pond. 
If the pond is slightly lower than the source of the water, the 
natural surface of the ground may form the bottom of the pond. In 
that case the embankment may be of earth, but in order to provide: