Aldo Leopold and  loyd 11. Shinners (not for publication) 
 
o ~ ~ 
 
SEC ONDAR 
 
University of Wisconsin 
 
WISCONSIN 
 
. -    -         - spithern wisemsin-      . 
 
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WISCONSIN 
 
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 404.,&.S ;Al 14v 4xAAJ  xuj   DVX'M  j15) 
 
Weed 
(annuals) 
 
FOEB 
(perennial i: 
& biennials) 
 
lesser ragweed 
(yellow foxtail) 
horse weed 
rough cinquefoil 
 
(hoary vervain) 
(mullein) 
evening primrose 
Helianthus 
strumosus 
goldenrods 
bergamot 
 
(Kentucky bluegrass) G 
GRASS      2 quack grass 
(Canada bluegrass) 
 
SHIWB 
(see also:: 
understory): 
 
hazelnut 
wild plum 
sunace 
wild grape 
blackberry 
 
SW 
 
if: 
"2 
 
lesser ragweed 
(yellow foxtail) 
daisy fleabane 
pepper grass 
 
G  : (oak-hickory weeds) 
G  : pr. goldenrod 
: pr. clovers 
: pr. asters 
compass plant 
: rattlesnake master 
 
S  :water smartweed 
:(lamb's quarters) 
W  :bidens 
:barnyard grass 
:acnida 
:cvypruts 
 
:Liatris pycnostachya 
:swmap loosestrife 
:mt. mint 
2rosin wood 
:tall meadow rue 
:Mich. lily 
 
gray headed coneflower:white ladslier 
turkey foot           :(timothy) 
Indian grass          :turkey foot 
prairie drop seed      *Indian grass 
side oats grama       Ispartina 
:switch grass 
: sedges 
lead plant            :prairie willows 
prairie roses         :prairie roses 
prairie willow         :meadowsweet 
New Jersey tea      B 
 
* water smartweed 
:sandbur 
:barnyard grass V 
W lesser ragwee& W 
 
:(sheep sorrel) 
:evening primrose 
*birdfoot violet 
:pink penstemon 
:marsh miJkweed 
:tall meadow rue 
:spiderwort 
 
Scribner panic  S 
switch grass 
Agrostis hyemalis 
 
:sandbar willow 
:silU ydogwood 
*meadowsweet 
:bittersweet 
:carrion flower 
 
; thornapoles         G    :                                            
 :moon seed 
: bur oak   (1)       S    :                                            
 :red birch 
TRE  or     : white oak          W                           :*silver maple

CLIMAX     :- f                                                         
            :Amer. elm 
: shag-bark hickory   W    : without fire trends    :without fire trends
 :swamp white oak 
: red oak             W    : toward. oak-hickory   :toward willow, elm, 
 :cottonwood 
: black oak           W    :                         ash, cottonwood    
 :red ash 
aspen                                                                   :

:  a   o wood        S   :                                              :grav
dogwood     S 
 
UNDERSTORY 
& GROM' 
COTZR 
(see also 
shrub) 
 
prickl7 ash          G 
Mv alj3 
tick trefoil        W 
2 tall yellq ladyslipper 
 
VheA disturbed 
the oak-hickory 
stages come in 
 
sop) 
magrostie 
a graBs 
on grass 
 
wood 
rch 
Sleaf 
tr tea 
Lurel 
 
:prickly ash     G 
:poison ivy 
:nannyberry 
:Ilex verticillata 
:bladder nut 
:wood nettle 
 
:lentiloma 
Scribner panic 
pr. June grass 
sand dropseed 
needle grass 
 
wild timothy 
Kalm's brome 
mt. rice 
nurple oat grass 
 
Carex nennsalvanica 
 
sweet fern 
sand cherry 
New Jersey tea 
dewberry 
lownJuneberry 
 
Jackpine 
BLACK OAK 
Hill s oak 
bur oak (shrub) 
pin herry 
 
blueberry 
bearberry 
reindeer moss 
moccasin flower 
pyrola 
ladies' tobacco 
 
raspberry 
blackberry 
hazelnut 
chokecherry 
Canada pneberry 
 
: white pine 
: : red (Norway) pine 
W : paper birch 
aspen 
balsam poplar 
: jackpine 
 
blueberry 
bunchberry 
clintonia 
trailing arbutus 
wintergreen 
pyrola 
 
( timothy) 
2 (redtop) 
Calamagrostis 
Cina latifolia 
: sedges 
 
alder 
mt. maple 
red dogwood 
raspberry 
bush willows 
hi rh3,ah nranbe.r 
 
Arbor vitae 
balsam fir 
white spruce 
red maple 
black ash 
 
I t aspen 
Damr irch 
 
yew 
Ourrants 
bunchberry 
starflower 
gold. thread 
clintonia 
 
brome grasses 
wood sedges 
 
beaked hazel 
mt. maple 
raspberry 
 
B : hemlock 
sugar maple 
yellow birch 
B : basswood 
t balsam fir 
7 : white pine 
F : red oak 
 
red-berried elder 
hop hornbeam 
red maple 
 
: leatherwood 
: maple-1, Viburnum 
: Canada honeysuckle 
: yew 
 
a: 
 
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--___utral sand counties    -     L   --e*  ....             hern Wisconsin
            .--      - 
:    JADXPIXlBOA       3  WHITS &     PINE              CEDAR SWAMP 
 (4)      :       HE4JOCK-HARDVOOD 
sandbur               : poverty oats             : 
I W: poverty oats          :                         : 
F* horse,weed: 
Pursh plantain                                   : 
: Arabis lyrata: 
Draba, cArolinjiana 
P: (sheep sorrel)        : (sheep sorrel)           : (white clover)    
      _S: (white clover)                8 
I: Liatris scariosa      : bracken                  : fire weed         
      F : fire weed 
spiderwort            : (orange hawkweed)        : bull thistle         
    G : bracken                      I 
2 pin weed.             : fireweed               F: European nightshade 
        : sweet cicely 
Monarda punctata      : pearly everlasting                              
       : asters 
2 flowering spurge   S : cudZ1 eed                                      
        : goldenrods 
hoary puccoon