208                               Studies of the Max Kade Institute
Notes
Merrill Jensen, John P. Kaminski, Gaspare J. Saladino and Richard Leffler, eds.,
The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution, vols. 1-3, 13-
16 (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976; hereafter cited as
Ratification). I greatly appreciate the valuable assistance the editors gave me
during my stay in Madison in 1983-84 and during the preparation of this paper.
I am also indebted to Charles Hagermann of the Ratification staff for his assistance
in preparing the typescript on computer disks.
2 See Jirgen Heideking, "Die amerikanische Presse in der Verfassungsdebatte der
Jahre 1787 und 1788," AmerikastudienlAmerican Studies 30 (1985): 363-412.
3 For the development of the American press in the 1790s, see Donald H. Stewart,
The Opposition Press in the Federalist Period (Albany: State University of New
York Press, 1969).
4This process has been dealt with comprehensively in my book, Die Verfassung vor
demRichterstuhl. Vorgeschichte und Ratifizierung der amerikanischenVerfassung,
1787-1791 (Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1988).
5This period has been discussed by Willi Paul Adams, "The Colonial German-
language Press and the American Revolution," in The Press and the American
Revolution, ed. Bernard Bailyn and John B. Hench (Worcester, Mass: Northeastern
Univ. Press, 1980), 151-228. See also John J. Stoudt, "The German Press in
Pennsylvania and the American Revolution," Pennsylvania Magazine ofHistory and
Biography 59 (1935): 74-90; and Karl J. R. Arndt and May E. Olson, German-
American Newspapers and Periodicals, 1732-1955, 2nd rev. ed. (New York:
Johnson Reprint Corp., 1965).
6The printers announced the establishment of their newspaper ("Eine Deutsche
Zeitung, die Dritte in Pennsylvanien") in the Gemeinniitzige Philadelphische
Correspondenz (hereafter cited as GPhC ) on 26 June and 24 July 1787. Publication
would begin as soon as 300 people had subscribed for the paper. On 29 December,
the printers (under the names of Steemer, Albright, & Lahn) advertised the
newspaper in the Pennsylvania Herald and promised to "perform all kinds of
Printing Work in the English and German language, on moderate terms." Further
information on the German printers can be found in Clarence S. Brigham, History
and Bibliography of American Newspapers 1690-1820, 2 vols. (Worcester, Mass:
American Antiquarian Society, 1947) and Isaiah Thomas, The History of Printing
in America, ed. Marcus A. McCorison from the Second Edition (New York;
Weathervane Books), 442ff.
7Bilingual advertisements for the library appeared in the Neue Unpartheyische
Lancaster Zeitung (hereafter cited as NULZ ) from 3 October 1787 on. On 16
January 1787 the GPhC published "Eine Acte, zur Incorporierung und Stiftung
einer Deutschen Hohen Schule (College) und Frey-Schule in der Stadt und County
Lancaster." Among the trustees were Robert Morris, the former Superintendent

of Finance of the Confederation Congress and leader of Pennsylvania's Republican
Party, and the physician and social reformer Benjamin Rush. The opening ceremony
for the "Hohe Schule" was reported in the GPhC on 19 June 1787.