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81n York, Pa., Bartgis and Thomas Roberts published the Pennsylvania Chronicle,
or the York Weekly Advertiser from October 1787 to April 1788. The Virginia
Gazette, and Winchester Advertiser was started in July 1787 and continued into the
year 1791. Another German-language newspaper, the Virginische Zeitung, lasted
from September 1789 to February 1790. For Bartgis, who became something
like a newspaper magnate in the Piedmont, see Christopher L. Dolmetsch, The
German Press in the Shenandoah Valley (Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1984),
3-5, 31-33, 110-111, fn.23; Klaus G. Wust, "The English and German Printing
Office: Bilingual Printers in Maryland and Virginia," Society for the History of
the Germans in Maryland, 32nd Report, Baltimore, Md., 1966, 24-37; Klaus G.
Wust, The Virginia Germans, 2nd ed. (Charlottesville, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia,
1975), 152ff.; Dieter Cunz, The Maryland Germans: A History (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton Univ. Press, 1948), 170ff.; and Joseph Towne Wheeler, The Maryland
Press 1777-1790 (Baltimore, Md: Maryland Historical Society, 1938), 57-64.
9Ratification, 2 (Pennsylvania): 39f., 61ff., 102, 613-14.
10Cunz, Maryland Germans, 153.
11 GPhC, 25 September 1787; and NULZ, 26 September 1787.
'2Nobody in and around Lancaster seemed to notice that the Lancaster Zeitung
left out the whole first section of Art. III. Another mistake, however, did not go
unnoticed: on 3 October Wilhelm Reichenbach, Professor of Mathematics at the
"Hohe Schule," explained in a letter to the editors that 10 miles square should not
be translated "10 Quadratmeilen" but "100 Quadratmeilen." He painstakingly argued
that 10 Quadratmeilen would be far too small for the seat of Congress; further, 10,
being an irrational number, could not easily be divided in such a way as to form an
exact square.
13See "Der Americanishe Birger" I-IV, GPhC, 13 November, 20 November, 27
November and 4 December 1787; "Ein Bfirger," ibid., 12, 19, and 26 February
1788; James Wilson's "Rede iber die Grundslitze der Vereinigten Constitution,"
NULZ, 24 October 1787; and GPhC, 6 November 1787. Other translations include
the essays "Federal Constitution" ("Bundesschaftliche Constitution") in GPhC, 16
October 1787, and "One of the People" ("Einer aus dem Volke") in NULZ, 30
October 1787; GPhC, 31 October 1787; as well as speeches by James Wilson in
the Pennsylvania convention on 24 November 1787 (NULZ, 5 December 1787)
and on the Fourth of July, 1788 (NULZ, 23 July 1788), of Oliver Ellsworth in the
Connecticut convention (NULZ, 13 February 1788) and of John Langdon in the
New Hampshire convention (NULZ, 2 April 1788).
14 Rush to Muhlenberg, Philadelphia, 15 February 1788, Letters of Benjamin Rush,
ed. L. H. Butterfield, 2 vols. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1951), 1:
452-3.
15According to Stephanie G. Wolf, Germantown at the end of the eighteenth
century was "a bustling, business-oriented town" with about 3,000 inhabitants and
an "atmosphere of a small, polyglot, industrial city." Urban Village: Germantown
1683-1800 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1977), 12, 151-3.
16The first three essays appeared in the Philadelphia Independent Gazetteer on 26,
28, and 29 September 1787. Ratification 2: 138-9.
17Winchester Virginia Gazette, 7 and 14 March 1787.