SANGRAAL 
 
 
she should suffer death. On this, Sir Ar- 
tegal pronounced the living woman to be 
the squire's wife, and the dead one to be 
the knight's.-Spenser, Fairy Queen, v. 1 
(1596). 
   (" Sir Sanglier" is meant for Shan O'Neil, 
 leader of the Irish insurgents in 1567. Of 
 course this judgment is borrowed from 
 that of Solomon, I Kings iii. 16-27.) 
 
   Sanglier des Ardennes, Guillaume de 
 la Marck (1446-1485). 
 
   Sangraal, Sanegreal, etc., generally 
 said to be the holy plate from which 
 Christ ate at the Last Supper, brought to 
 England by Joseph of Arimathy. What- 
 ever it was, it appeared to King Arthur 
 and his 150 knights of the Round Table, 
 but suddenly vanished, and all the knights 
 vowed they would go in quest thereof. 
 Only three, Sir Bors, Sir Percivale and 
 Sir Galahad, found it, and only Sir Gala- 
 had touched it, but he soon died, and was 
 borne by angels up into heaven. The 
 Sangraal of Arthurian romance is "the 
 dish" containing Christ transubstantiated 
 by the sacrament of the Mass, and made 
 visible to the bodily eye of man. This 
 will appear quite obvious to the reader by 
 the following extracts:. 
 Then anon they heard cracking and crying of 
 thunder.... In the midst of the blast entered a 
 sunbeam more clear by seven times than the day, 
 and all they were alighted of the grace of the 
 Holy Ghost .... Then there entered into the hall 
 the Holy Grale covered with white samite, but 
 there was none that could see it, nor who bare 
 it, but the whole hall was full filled with good 
 odors, and every knight had such meat and 
 drink as he best loved in the world, and when 
 the Holy Grale had been borne through the hall, 
 then the holy vessel departed suddenly, and they 
wist not where it became.-Ch. 35. 
  Then looked they and saw a man come out of 
the holy vessel, that had all the signs of the pas- 
sion of Christ, and he said.. . "This is the holy 
dish wherein I ate the lamb on Sher-Thursday, 
 
 
and now hast thou seen it... yet hast thou not 
seen it so openly as thou shalt see it in the city 
of Sarras... therefore thou must go hence and 
bear with thee this holy vessel, for this night it 
shall depart from the realm of Logris ... and 
take with thee... Sir Percivale and Sir Bors."- 
Ch. 101. 
   So departed Sir Galahad, and Sir Percivale 
 and Sir Bors with him. And so they rode three 
 days, and came to a river, and found a ship.. 
 and when on board, they found in the midst the 
 table of silver and the Sanegreall covered with 
 red samite .... Then Sir Galahad laid him down 
 and slept... and when he woke ... he saw the 
 city of Sarras (ch. 103).... At the year's end... 
 he saw before him the holy vessel, and a man 
 kneeling upon his knees in the likeness of the 
 bishop, which had about him a great fellowship 
 of angels, as it had been Christ Himself ... and 
 when he came to the sakering of the Mass, and 
 had done, anon he called Sir Galahad, and said 
 unto him, "Come forth... and thou shalt see 
 that which thou hast much desired to see"... 
 and he beheld spiritual things ... (ch. 104).- 
 Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, iii. 35, 
 101, 104 (1470). 
   The earliest story of the Holy Graal 
was in verse (A.D. 1100), author unknown. 
   Chr6tien de Troyes has a romance in 
eight-syllable verse on the same subject 
(1170). 
   Guiot's tale of Titurel, founder of Graal- 
burg, and Parzival, prince thereof, belongs 
to the twelfth century. 
  Wolfram von Eschenbach, a minne- 
singer, took Guiot's tale as the foundation 
of his poem (thirteenth century). 
  In Titurel the Younger the subject is 
very fully treated. 
  Sir T. Malory (in pt. iii. of the History 
of Prince Arthur, translated in 1470 from 
the French) treats the subject in prose 
very fully. 
  R. S. Hawker has a poem on the San- 
graal, but it was never completed. 
  Tennyson has an idyll called The Holy 
Grail (1858). 
  Boisser~e published, in 1834, at Munich, 
a work On the Description of the Temple of 
the Holy Graal. 
 
 
SANGLIER 
 
 
348