eggs of parasites present in particles of droppings might infect the bird

ingesting them. The bottom of the hopper should be about six inches 
above the ground and a platform with a gradual slope up to the feed 
trough should be made for the birds to stand on. This platform should 
be of .-- inch wire netting with enough framework to hold it rigid. It 
should be firm but made so that it can be easily removed, in order that 
once a month the droppings which accumulate under it may be cleaned away

if necessary. 
The leanto which protects the hopper against rain, snow and cold 
winds may be built in a number of ways according to the materials at 
hand. Bundles of grain tied to a pole framework by means of binder twine

make an excellent shelter. A leanto built with buckwheat bundles is 
illustrated in Figure    . A waterproof shelter may be made with twenty 
feet of roofing paper and poles. The roof is four feet high in front 
and three feet high at the back, and is six feet long and three feet wide.

The back is three feet high and six feet long and the ends are three 
feet wide, four feet high on the front corner and three feet high on the

back corner. The framework should have flat surfaces where the paper is 
nailed, for if the paper is not nailed on well it may blow off. If ever-

green branches are available theymay be used to build a leanto, but care

must be taken *at trees are not injured by careless breaking of branches.

The hopper should be installed in such a way that it can be moved for 
filling or the leanto should be made with a movable roof. 
The Furnace Pipe Hopper.--This hopper is built of galvanized furnace 
pipe eight or ten inches in diameter and two or three feet long. Near the

bottom a cone with the point up is riveted on the inside. One inch above

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