Table 7.—U.S. exports of vanadium in 1985, by country 
(Thousand pounds and thousand dollars) 
 
 FerrovanadiumCountry (gross weight) 
Vanadium ore 
and concentrate 
(vanadium content) 
Vanadium compounds (gross weight) 
 
 
 
Pentoxide Other2 
(anhydride)1 
 
Quantity Value 
Quantity Value 
Quantity Value Quantity 
Value 
 86 507 
 313 1,572 
 29 169 
 3 15 
 29 127 
 38 160 
 1 4 
 (3) 7 
 38 48 
 84 1,168 
 58 65 
 316 15,284 
 (3) 8 
 36 147 
 (3) 2 
 16 19 
 90 257 
 2 5 
 (3) 2 
See footnotes at end of table.VANADIUM 
1019 
 
vanadium from a historical high of 1,171 tons in 1984. The material averaged
80.6% vanadium and had a mean Customs value of $4.98 per pound of contained
vanadium. 
This decrease in imports reversed, at least temporarily, a long-term trend
in which European converters have been gradually capturing a larger share
of the U.S. ferrovanadium market. Imports accounted for 19% of reported consumption
of vanadium-ironcarbon alloys, compared with less than 4% in 1973. The Belgium-Luxembourg
Economic Union replaced Canada as the principal source of imported ferrovanadium
and accounted for 27% of the imported alloy in terms of contained weight.
Imports of Canadian ferrovanadium fell from a record high in 1984 to their
lowest level in 7 years. 
 Only 20 tons gross weight of pentoxide was imported in 1985. More than 90%
of this material came from the Federal Republic of Germany. For the second
year in a row, there were no imports of pentoxide reported for consumption
from the Republic of South Africa. Between 1978 and 1983, annual imports
of South African pentoxide steadily declined from 1,152 tons to 56 tons.

 Imports of vanadium contained in ores, slags, and residues totaled only
303 tons, compared with 633 tons in 1984. At least 45% of this vanadium came
directly or 
Argentina______________ 
Australia 
Austria 
Belgium-Luxembourg_______ 
Brazil__________________ 
Caned~ 
Chile__________________ 
Colombia_______________ 
Ecuador________________ 
France 
Germany, Federal Republic of_ - 
 
 
Indonesia_______________ 
Israel 
Italy__________________ 
Japan__________________ 
Kenya_________________ 
Korea, Republicof_________ 
Malaysia                 
Mexico                  
Netherlands_____________ 
Pakistan                 
Peru__________________ 
Philippines               
Singapore                
South Mrica, Republic of      
indirectly from the refining operations of Petróleos de Venezuela
S.A. (PDVSA), the state oil monopoly of Venezuela. The remaining 55% was
contained in other assorted petroleum refinery residues and utifity ashes
from, in order of decreasing tonnage, Italy, the Netherlands Antilles, Mexico,
Suriname, Jamaica, and Barbados. Part of the Caribbean material also may
have been recovered from Venezuelan crude. For only the second time in 18
years, there were no imports of vanadiferous iron slag from Highveld's Witbank
steelworks in the Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. 
 Potassium vanadate imports amounted to 57 tons gross weight, of which 38
tons came from the Republic of South Africa and 19 tons came from the Federal
Republic of Germany. In addition, 15 tons of NH4VO3 was received from the
United Kingdom. Imports of vanadium carbide and unwrought vanadium metal
were less than 1 ton each. Imports classified as "Other vanadium compounds"
totaled 807 tons gross weight, compared with 831 tons in 1984. As mentioned
earlier, 97% of this material was vanadium trioxide from the Republic of
South Africa. Nearly all of the remaining 23 tons was unspecified chemicals
from the United Kingdom. 
 —— —— 2 13 
 —— —— 74 108 
 -- -- 120 250 
 —— —— 751 1,219 
 —— —— 401 686 
 —— —— 91 244 
 —— —— 71 88 
 —— —— 3 4 
 -- -- (3) 2 
 —— —— 11 19 
 —— —— 77 261 
 —— —— 1 216 
 —— —— 53 67 
 -- -- 291 423 
 —— _-. 17 28 
 —— —— 55 101 
 5 9 712 1,987 
 -- -- 106 226 
 —— —— 6 8 
 —— —— 3 3 
 —— —— 10 21 
 —— —— 18 42 
 —— —— 134 237