OTHER INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 1079 
 
second commercial application of Mobil Oil's MTG process. 
 Several new zeolite deposits were discovered in the Angora, Yakut, and Buryat
areas in Eastern Siberia.22 The All-Union Institute of Geology, Geochemistry,
and Minerals Raw Materials in Irkutsk set up a laboratory to study the mineralogical
characteristics of zeolites from these deposits. 
 
TECHNOLOGY 
 
 The cesium exchange properties of several zeolitic tuffs and several synthetic
zeolites were tested using equilibrium exchange reactions.23 The zeolitic
tuffs were composed of phillipsite, mordenite, clinoptilolite, erionite,
chabazite, and analcime. Zeolitic tuffs composed of phillipsite had the best
ion exchange characteristics over a range of solution concentrations. The
phillipsite tuffs also reacted more favorably to heat treatment, used to
immobilize the cesium in the structure, than other zeolites types. The significance
of the exchange capacities and phase transformations of the phillipsite-rich
tuffs is the potential to decontaminate nuclear waste solutions and fix cesium
in the crystal structure to prevent removal by leaching with ground water.

 Single metal atoms can be directed and attached to the intracrystalline
cavities of some zeolites by using a solvated metal atom that can pass through
the crystal structure and enter the a-cages while maintaining the integrity
of the zeolite structure.24 Bis(toluene)iron(o) and bis(toluene)cobalt(o)
were filtered through faujasite zeolite Y at 173 to 193 K. Upon reaching
room temperature, the bis(toulene)metal(o) complex decomposed to toluene
and a metal atom, leaving metal atoms in the crystal structure. Metal atom
clusters then formed when single atoms diffused through the structure and
agglomerated. The cluster sizes are controlled by the initial atom loading
in the structure and the size of the a-cage. This technique was proven to
be a nondestructive means of depositing zerovalent metal atoms in the zeolite
structure. Zeolites containing site-specific metal clusters may be potentially
useful as catalysts for oil, gas, and petroleum production. 
 Aluminosiicate zeolites were synthesized using a nonaqueous solvent technique.25
Usually, zeolites are synthesized from alka 
line aqueous solutions or by solid-state reactions between silica and alumina
salts at high temperatures. Using a nonaqueous technique, pure silica zeolites,
called silicasodalite, were synthesized. This research suggested that other
framework aluminosilicates could be synthesized in silica-rich or pure silica
forms. 
 Union Carbide developed a molecular sieve with many properties similar to
zeolites.26 The sieves, called silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO), formed in
a similar manner as zeolites, crystallizing at temperatures from 100' to
200' C from reactive mixtures containing template materials. The template
materials, usually organic amines or quaternary ammonium compounds, were
retained within the products. SAPO were expected to be useful as absorbents,
ion exchange agents, catalysts, and catalyst supports. 
 
 1Prepared by Wilton Johnson, mineral specialist. 
 2Prepared by James P. Searis, physical scientist. 
 3Prepared by Sarkis G. Ampian, physical scientist. 
 4Prepared by A. C. Meisinger, industry economist. 
 5Prepared by Harold A. Taylor, Jr., physical scientist. 
 6Prepared by Dennis S. Kostick, physical scientist. 
 7Prepared by Michael J. Potter, physical scientist. 
 8American Paint & Coatings Journal. NYCO's Mineral Plant To Open;
Personnel
Changes Take Place. V. 69, No. 42, Apr. 1, 1985, p. 48. 
 9Toon, S. Minerals for Paints. md. Miner. (London), No. 219, Dec. 1985,
p. 73. 
 10lndustrial Minerals (London). Growth Forecast in Chemically-Modified Minerals
Market. No. 218, Nov. 1985, p. 17. 
 ~ Partek Doubles Wollastonite Capacity. No. 213, June 1985, p. 9. 
 ' 2Prepared by Robert L. Virta, physical scientist. 
 13American Mining Congress Journal. IMC Leases Idaho Zeolite Mine. V. 71,
No. 21, Nov. 20, 1985, p. 12. 
 14lndustrial Minerals (London). Zeolite International Begins. No. 208, Jan.
1985, p. 16. 
 1 Chemical & Engineering News. Georgia Tech Sets Up Zeolite Research
Center. V. 63, No. 17, Apr. 29, 1985, p. 16. 
 16Chemical Week. Zeolite Molecular Sieves Gaining Market Share. V. 196,
No. 15, Apr. 17, 1985, p. 31. 
 ' 7Power, T. Water Treatment-Clarifying the Market for Minerals. md. Miner.
(London), No. 215, Aug. 1985, pp. 35-52. 
 ' 8Chemical Week. PQ Expands Zeolite Facility. V. 136, No. 26, June 26,
1985, p. 14. 
 19European Chemical News. Zeolite Initiative. V. 44, No. 1179, June 3, 1985,
p. 22. 
 20Haggin, J. First Methanol-to-Gasoline Plant Nears Startup in New Zealand.
Chem. & Eng. News, v. 63, No. 12, Mar. 25, 1985, pp. 39-41. 
 21Chemical Week. Gasoline From Gas in Argentina? V. 137, No. 20, Nov. 13,
1985, p. 22. 
 22lndustrial Minerals (London). Company News and Mineral Notes. No. 216,
Sept. 1985, p. 111. 
 23Komarneni, S. Phillipsite in Cs Decontamination and Immobilization. Clays
and Clay Miner, v. 33, No. 2, Apr. 1985, pp. 145.151. 
 24Ozin, G. New Materials From Metal Vapor Chemistry. Chemtech, v. 15, No.8,
Aug. 1985, pp. 488-496. 
 25Chemical & Engineering News. Nonaqueous Synthesis of Zeolites
Achieved.
V. 63, No. 38, Sept. 23, 1985, p. 24. 
 2e...~..... Union Carbide Develops New Molecular Sieves. V. 63, No. 1, Jan.
7, 1985, p. 47.