1012 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1985 
 
and 2.5 million pounds of vanadium from 
638,000 tons of ore between October 1985 
and January 1987. 
In a related action, Energy Fuels has agreed to supply the British Civilian
Uranium Procurement Organization with more than 3 million pounds of yellowcake
over a 10-year period starting in 1987. The new Kanab North Mine being developed
by Energy Fuels in the Arizona Strip and the proposed Canyon Mine, south
of the Grand Canyon near Tusayan, could provide White Mesa with additional
uraninite. 
Atlas sold 1,028,000 pounds of V20, in the 12 months preceding June 30, 1985,
exhausting its vanadium inventory. The company kept its uranium-vanadium
mill near Moab, UT, and its last three operating mines in San Juan County—the
Pandora, the Velvet, and the Rim Columbus—on standby throughout
all
of 1985. However, the company stated that the mill and mines could be brought
back into production within 6 to 8 weeks if the market for U3O8 improved.
Atlas postponed development of its new uranium-vanadium mine near Ticaboo
in Garfield County, UT, and instead sought financing to bring its newly discovered
Gold Bar gold deposit in Eureka County, NV, into production. The expected
profits from the Gold Bar property, which has an estimated 300,000 ounces
of economically recoverable gold, could enable Atlas to keep its uranium-vanadium
operations on standby for several years.3 
On April 4, Homestake Mining Co. suspended conventional underground mining
operations at its Section 23 uranium property near Ambrosia Lake, NM, laying
off about 100 of its 275 employees. An additional 130 employees were released
later in the year when the company's nearby Milan mill was placed on indefinite
standby. The 3,400ton-per-day mill had just reopened on January 2 with a
throughput of 550 tons per day after a 4-month shutdown for inventory adjustment.
The company continued to leach its abandoned stopes throughout the year.
The Ambrosia Lake uranium operations were a significant source of byproduct
vanadium sludge prior to 1982 when V20, prices were considerably higher in
terms of constant dollars. At the peak of the 1980 uranium boom, Homestake's
uranium operations had a total work force of 825 in New Mexico. 
 In recent years, vanadium.bearing feed materials of foreign origin have
included iron slags from Chile, China, and the Republic of South Africa as
well as utifity 
ashes, spent catalysts from refineries, and a 
variety of petroleum residues. US. production from petroliferous materials
in 1985 totaled 2,695 tons of contained vanadium, 58% more than the 1,701
tons (revised) for 
1984. 
Vanadium oxide concentrates were produced as a byproduct of the burning of
Venezuelan and other Caribbean residual oils at a number of power-generating
stations in the Eastern United States. Long 
Island Lighting Co. (LILCO) recovered high- 
grade ash containing 510 tons of V205, compared with 794 tons (revised) in
1984. The New York utility operated two oil-fired 
power stations in Suffolk County, one at Northport and the other at Port
Jefferson. 
Recently, LILCO also has been supplying processors with an ash sludge recovered

from its wastewater treatment plants that averages 15% to 16% V2O5 when dried.
The 
lower grade material recovered in 1985 
contained 403 tons of V.05 and was 33% greater in gross weight than the 1984
material, which contained 314 tons of V205. 
In January, Société d'Applications de la 
Chimie, de l'Electricité et des Métaux SA (SADACEM)
and Société
Européenne des Derives du Manganese SA, two subsidiaries of the
Société
Générale de Belgique SA, acquired the spent catalyst
processing
facility of Gulf Chemical at Freeport, TX. The Texas plant recovers vanadium
and molybdenum from spent hydroprocessing catalysts generated largely by
oil refining and petrochemical industries in the Southern United States.
The plant's products include fused flake V2O,, granular V205, various alkali
vanadates, and purified molybdic oxide (MoO3). The selling parent company,
Associated Metals & Minerals Corp., retained Gulf Chemical's tin
smelter
at Texas City, TX, and a second catalyst processing facifity at Ironton,
OH, that has been idle for several years. The SADACI Div. of SADACEM produces
approximately 1,300 tons (gross weight) per year of an 80% V grade of ferrovanadium
as well as ferromolybdenuni at its Langerbruggekaai ferroalloys plant near
Ghent, Belgium. 
 The Freeport, TX, plant was a recent supplier of V20, to the NDS and is
one of only three such reclamation facilities operating in the country. The
facility, which employs 130 people, began operations in 1973 and is currently
being expanded. The first phase of the expansion was completed in 1982, enabling
the plant to treat up to 30,000 tons of catalysts per year. The new management
plans to double this capacity