Table 11.—Graphite: World production, by country1' 
 
 
(Short tons) 
 
 
 
 
Country2 
1981 
1982 
1983 
l9&l~ 
1985e 
Argentina                          
Austria                            
Brazil (marketable)3                   
Burma4                            
 2 
26,243 
19,289 
1,568 
 13 
26,953 
16,990 
 308 
 22 
44,553 
30,463 
 220 
 16 
48,269 
36,023 
 258 
 20 
44,000 
36,000 
 220 
Chinae                             
Czechoslovakia4                      
Germany, Federal Republic of            
India (mine)6                        
Italy                              
Korea,Northe                       
Korea, Republic of: 
 Amorphous                       
 Crystallineflake                  Madagascar                         
Mexico: 
203,000 r55,000 
 
~9,024 
80,240 
3,897 
28,000 
 
37,533 
 928 
14,698 
204,000 
r55,000 
 
~12,845 
57,735 
3,538 
28,000 
 
29,033 
691 
r16,766 
204,000 
r55,000 
11,023 
43,615 
2,534 
28,000 
 
35,903 
 766 
14,944 
204,000 
r55000 
13,228 
42,975 
 ~ 
28,000 
 
62,014 
2,541 
15,403 
204,000 
65,000 
12,000 
44,000 
 
 
28,000 
 
55,000 
2,200 
15,500 
 Amorphous                       
 ~rystallineflake                   
Norway                            
Romaniae                          
Sri Lanka                          
Thailand                           
Turkey                            
u.S.S.R.e                           
UnitedStates                        
45,351 
1,270 
9,552 
13,800 
8,348 
1,984 NA 
77,000 
37,886 
1,989 
8,213 
13,800 
9,704 
 694 
3,704 
83,000 
 W 
47,034 
1,828 
8,888 
13,900 
6,094 
 95 
5,297 
88,000 
 W 
43,923 
1,855 
10,508 
13,700 
6,198 
 (~) 
(8) 
 
88,000 
 W 
44,000 
1,900 
2,500 
13,200 
6,000 
 ~ 
 NA 
90,000 
 ~ 
Zimbabwe                         Total                        
12,366 
9,066 
21,850 
13,596 
13,200 
 
r649,093 
r619928 
664,029 
685,507 
676,740 
eRetima~. 5Preliminary. ~ NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing
company proprietary data. 
1Table includes data available through May 20, 1986. 
21n addition to the countries listed, Namibia may have produced graphite
during the period covered by this table, but output is unreported, and available
general information is inadequate for formulation of reliable estimates of
output levels. 
3Does not include the following quantities sold directly without beneficiation,
in short tons: 1981—17,988; 1982—6,758; 
1983—12,278; 1984—2,902; and 1985—5,500 (estimated).

4Data are for fiscal year beginning Apr. 1 of that stated. 
5Data presented represent estimated marketable product derived from raw graphite
mined indigenously, assuming that marketable output equals one-half of officially
reported raw graphite production. 
6lndian marketable production is about 10% to 20% of mine production. 
7Revised to zero. 
8Revised to not available. 
GRAPHITE 
489 
 
combustion; it is burned in special fluidized bed boilers. 
 Germany, Federal Republic of.—.-Sigri GmbH announced the commissioning
of a 1,100-ton-per-year-capacity graphite fiber plant based on polyacrylonitrile
as a raw material. 
 Graphitwerk Kropfmuehl AG, the only West German miner of crystalline flake
graphite, produced 18,700 tons of product at its Kropfmuehl plant and 8,800
tons of product at its Werk Wedel plant in 1984, of which 45% was exported.
About one-half of its domestic sales were to the refractories industry for
use in, crucibles, continuous casting ware, and carbon-magnesite bricks.
About one-third to one-half of the firm's raw material was mined domestically
at Kropfmüehl, the balance coming from its mine in Zimbabwe.~ 
 Japan.—Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. began building a 550-ton-per-yearcapacity
graphite fiber plant at Sakoide, Kagawa Prefecture, that will come on- 
stream in late 1986. This supersedes earlier plans for a 1,100-ton-per-year-capacity
plant. The plant will cost $10 million and use coal tar, which the firm produces,
as a raw material. The graphite fiber was expected to be lower in cost than
polyacrylonitrile-based graphite fiber. The firm also announced plans to
develop graphite fiber composites. 
 The rapid growth of electric arc steelmaking in Japan, and therefore Japanese
consumption of graphite electrodes, appeared to be coming to a halt. Accounting
for a sizable fraction of Japan's total production, 28% in 1984, electric
arc steelmaking will have trouble expanding further when the rest of the
industry is in severe overcapacity and with increasing foreign competition
from neighboring countries. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry
has been pressing hard for a reduction in electric arc steelmaking capacity,
with minimal industry response so far.5