The Great Metropolis and New York State


this occasion she wound up under another name, spreading her fruitful
typhosus seed among nurses and patients in one of our best hospitals,
the Sloane Maternity of New York, with the result of twenty-five
cases. Justifiably, the court sustained the action of the board of health.
  We need more spectacular nicknames like "Typhoid Mary" and
"Pertussis Pete" to catch the ear and we must have controversy
to
waken us out of our smug complacency. The degree to which we swap
intestinal organisms even in our wealthy, well-sewered country is
realized only when someone like Mary Mallon becomes the cook for
several families. Someone, I believe it was Milton Rosenau, after he
had studied the typhoid-carrier rate in Washington, D. C., suggested
that we would all outshine Joseph's coat of many colors if only the bac-
teria we exchange daily produced different dyes. "It pays to know one's
cook."'12
            We may live without friends; we may live without books;
            But civilized man, cannot live without cooks.
                                            OWEN MEREDITH'S Lucille

   Park's potent influence in increasing the control of diphtheria con-
 tinued throughout his life. With the development of serum therapy
 chiefly by Behring in 1890-94, (first human case treated on Christmas
 Day, i89i) and Biggs' enthusiastic conviction that a new era was
 dawning, Park began the tedious immunization of horses for the pro-
 duction of antitoxin. The New York Herald ran a popular subscription
 for funds to provide free antitoxin for treatment of the poor. Published
 letters like the following opened larger purses: "Please accept $i.oo
 for your antitoxin fund from a father who lost a dear boy, five years old,
 and his golden-haired baby girl, two years old, inside of one week,
 from the dreadful diphtheria." The use of special gift funds and unused
 balances became a common procedure with Park when he wished to
 introduce a novel service. After the new practice had proved itself and
 had won the approval of physicians and the people, he would ask for
 and receive public financial support for the project.
   The concentration of antibodies from horse serum (Gibson, Banz-
 haf, and others),13 the broad use of the Schick test for diagnosis, and
 later the vaccination with T-AT and diphtheria toxoid, by Park and
 Zingher, followed in due course as these methods were developed. In
 1933, when the millionth child of New York City was successfully vac-


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