336


Notes


    1943). An excellent historical and philosophical discussion; the changing
concepts.
3 John Snow, Report on the cholera outbreak in the Parish of St. James, West-
    minster, during autumn of 1854. Presented to this vestry by the Cholera
Inquiry
    Committee (London, 1855).
4 William Budd, Typhoid fever (London, 1874). Lancet, Nov. 15, 1856. (Reprint,
    New York, 1931.) This publication followed earlier articles including
outbreak
    of fever at the clergy orphan school.
5 0. W. Holmes, Contagiousness of puerperal fever, Am. 1. Med. Sci., N. S.,
6 (1843),
    26o-64 (Copied from N. Eng. Quart. 1. Med. Surg., April, 1843. Reprinted
with
    additions, 186i [Medical essays of 0. W. H., Boston]).
6 John Harris, Oliver Wendell Holmes's great contribution to American obstetrics,
    Wisconsin Medical History Seminar, 1933.
      In this scholarly essay on the history of puerperal fever (unfortunately
never
    published) Harris quotes liberally from many of the early authors including
    Charles White of Manchester, England, and his several editions (1773
et seq.),
    Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen (i79 5 et seq.), and Robert Collins (1826
et seq.).
    After much study, Harris considered that Gordon was the first to recognize
the
    part of the nurse and the physician in the spread of puerperal fever.
He found no
    evidence that White appreciated these important personal factors in transmission
    and considered the Adami essay on White an example of special pleading.
      George J. Adami, Charles White of Manchester and the arrest of puerperal
fever
    (London, 1922).
      Ian A. Porter, Alexander Gordon, M.D. of Aberdeen (Scotland, 1958).
This re-
    cent essay on Gordon and his contributions to epidemic puerperal fever
tends to
    confirm Harris' findings.
 7 Robert Collins, A practical treatise on mid~wifery (Philadelphia, 1838),
p. 192.
 8 John Harris, Semmelweis, Wisconsin Medical History Seminar, 1947-48.
      F. P. Murphy, Philipp Ignaz Semmelweis, an annotated bibliog., Bull.
Hist.
    Med., 20 (1946), 653-707.
      W. J. Sinclair, Semmehweis, his life and his doctrine (Manchester,
i909).
 9  Charles Meigs, Females and their diseases (Philadelphia, 1848).
      Hugh L. Hodge, Cases and observations regarding purpueral fever, as
it pre-
    vailed in the Pennsylvania Hospital in February and March, 1833, Am.
J. Med.
    Sci., 12 (1833), 325-52.
Io 0. W. Holmes, Medical essays (Boston, 18855).
ii Austin Flint, Account of epidemic fever which occurred at North Boston,
Erie
    County, New York, during the months of October and November, 1843, Am.
].
    Med. Sci., N. S., 1o (1845), 2 1-35.
       Austin Flint, Relations of water to the propagation of fever, Am.
Pub. H.
    Assn., i (1873), 165-72.
       Austin Flint, Logical proof of the contagiousness and noncontagiousness
of dis-
    eases, N. Y. Med. I., i0 (874), 113-33.
12  L. Woods, Cases of typhoid fever dependent upon contaminated drinking
water,
    Boston Med. Surg. 1., 96 (1877), 192-93. Excellent.
       L. A. Stimson, Bacteria and their septic influence, N. Y. Med. 1.,
22 (1875),
     113-45.