RUDIMENTS OF VOCAL MUSIC. 
 
A DICTIONARY OF MUSICAL TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
A, in, fbr. A TEMPO, in Strict time. 
A DuE, for two voices. 
A PIACERE, at pleasure. 
A TRE, for three voices. 
ADAGIO, a very slow and expressive move. 
ment. 
AD LIBITUM, the time is left at the per- 
former's pleasure. 
AFFETTUOSO, with tenderness. 
AGrrATO, with passion and fire. 
ALLEGRO, Jbv. ALLO., quick, lively. 
ALLEGRETTO, Jbv. ALLETTO., not so 
quick as Allegro. 
ANDANTINO, a slow and distinct move- 
ment. 
ANDANTE, a little faster than Andantino. 
APPOGGIATUa, a note of embellishment 
generally written in a small character. 
ARIA, Aix, ARIETTA, a short Air. 
Amoso, in the style of an Air. 
ASSAI, very.  ADAGIO ASSAI, very slow. 
ALLEGRO ASSAI, very brisk. 
BRIO, or CoN BRIo, with spirit and 
brilliancy. 
BRILLANTE, in a brilliant style. 
CADENCE, a close in melody or harmony, 
an ornamental passage introduced in a 
piece of music. 
CALANDO, Abv. CALO., diminishing grad- 
ually the sounds and slackening the time. 
CANTABILE, in a singing style. 
CAPRICCIO, an irregular piece of music. 
CODA, a phrase added to the end of a 
piece by way of conclusion. 
CON, with. CON MOTO, agitated. 
CON ESPRESSIONE, ,qbf. CON ESP., with 
expresion.  Cox AxIMA, With feeling. 
 
CRESCENDO, .1bv. CEzs., a gradual increase 
of tone. 
DA CAPo, Abv. D.C., begin the air a- 
gain, and end with the first strain. 
DAL SEGNO, repeat from this mark % and 
end at the double bar. 
DIMINUENDO, Abv. Dim., gradually dimin- 
ishing the tone. 
DOLCE, Abv. DOL., sweetly. 
Duo, DUETTO, a piece for two voices or 
instruments. 
ESPaEssIVO, with expression and effect. 
FORTE, AbV. F. or FoR., loud. 
FORTISSIMO, Abr. FF., very loud. 
FORZANDO, Aby. Fz., with particular force 
or emphasis. 
FINN, the end of a piece. 
FINALE, the last movement. 
FUGA, FUGE and FuGUE, a composition 
in the strict style. 
Fuoco, spirit. 
CoN Fuoco, with spirit, or with fire. 
FuRzoso, or CON FURIA, with fire and 
energy. 
GRAVE, a slow and solemn movement. 
GRAZIOSO, in a graceful manner. 
GIUSTO, exact. 
TEMPcO GIUSTO, in exact time. 
GUSTOSO, or CON GUSTO, with taste. 
LARGO, a very slow movement. 
LARGHETTO, not quite so slow as Largo. 
LEGATO,a smooth and connected manner. 
LENTo, in slow time. 
MAESTOSO, in a majestic style. 
MA, but. 
JA NON TnopPo, but not too much. 
MANCANDO, diminishing the sounds.- 
 
MENO, less. MENO FORTE, less loud. 
MEzzo, Abv. Miz., half, rather. 
MEZZO VOCE, with half the usual force. 
MOLTO, very, extremely. 
ALLEGRO MOLTO, very brisk. 
MODERATO, moderately quick. 
MORENDO, let the sounds die away. 
MoTO, or CON MOTO, very brisk. 
NoN', not. NON TRoPPo, not too much. 
OBLIGATO, a part that cannot be omitled. 
PASTORALE, a soft and rural movement. 
PRESTO, quick. 
PRESTISSIMO, very quick. 
PEIIDENDOSI, Abv. Pit., diminish grad- 
ally the sounds. 
PIANO, AbV. P. or Pi., soft. 
PIANISSIMO, Abv. PP., very soft. 
Piu, more. Piu PRESTO, faster 
Poco CRESCENDO, a little louder. 
Poco LENTO, a little slow. 
Pot, then. PoI SEGUE, then follow. 
PORTAMENTO, the manner of sustaining, 
and conducting the voice. Also the 
gliding from one note to another. 
PIu TOSTO, rather. 
RALLENTANDO, RITARDANDO, Slacken 
the time by degrees. 
RISOLUTO, in a bold style. 
RINFORZANDO, Abv. RINr., increase of 
tone with emphasis; this sign --- is 
often substittned. 
SCHERZANDO, Abv. SCHERZ., in a playful 
manner. 
SCIOLTO. in a distinct manner. 
SEGUE, Abv. Smo., begin the next move- 
ment immediately. 
SUMPE, Abv. Sit., always. 
 
v - 
 
SEMIPEE PIANO, always soft. 
SOTTO VOCE, with a low voice or tone. 
SWILIANA, a pastoral movement in Coss 
mon Time. 
PIRITOSO, CON SPIRITO, with spirit. 
STACCATO, Abe. STAC., in a short de. 
tached manner. 
SLENTANDO, slacken the time. 
SMORZANDO, Abe. SMOREZ., smothering 
the sounds. 
SFORZANDO, Abe. Sr., with particular em. 
phasis and force. 
SENZA, without. 
SENZA ORGANO, without organ. 
SOAVE, sweetly. 
SOSTENUTO, Ab1. SOs., sustain    the 
sounds. 
SOLO, one voice or instrument. SOLT, sin- 
gle voices. 
TEMPO PRIMO, sing in the oiiginal time 
after Ad Libitum. 
TENUTO, Abv. TEN., hold the note its full 
length. 
TONIC, the key note. 
TRIO, a piece for three voices or instru- 
ments. 
TUTTI, Abv. T., all the voices together 
after a solo. ViGortoso, with strength. 
VIVACE, with briskness and animation. 
VIvo, animated, lively. 
VocE, the voice. 
VOLTA, ima., the first time 
VOLT[ SUBITO, AbV. V. S., turn over the 
leaf quickly.    UN, a. 
UN Poc6', a little. 
UNISONI, UNISON, AVe. UNL, tWO O 
more sounds alike in pitch. 
 
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