Why Tile May Fail-Jones



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and not the amount of water that it is holding that determines
the efficiency of the ditch.
   Open ditches are sometimes called more efficient on tight
 soils. Where surface drainage alone is sought, they will carry
 the water faster than tile; but where underdrainage is sought
 an open ditch 3 feet deep does not act any more quickly than a
 4" tile laid 3 feet deep with a good outlet. A drop of water
 finding its way through the sail to either has the same path to
 travel. Since surface drainage is all that the open ditches in
 these soils accomplish, is it not better to use well planned dead
 furrows and a surface run rather than to have the land cut up
 by an uncrossable ditch?
             TILE AS EFFECTING DRAINAGE DISTRICTS.
   In the southeastern part of Wisconsin, Mr. Peter Hurtgen,
 the efficient drainage engineer of Burlington, Wisconsin, is de-
 signing large tile where, in the less developed portions of the
 state, they use open ditches. The use of large tile for laterals
 is on the increase.
   In practically every drainage district in the state, there is an
urgent need for supplementary drains to complete the drainage
for which an outlet is afforded by the outlet drains of the dis-
trict. An outlet drain without any laterals discharging into it
is like a train of cars without any passengers. In order to real-
ize the maximum benefits from the outlet drains, we must put
in smaller drains to carry the water to these outlets. In these
supplementary drainage systems, tile play a leading role.
  In conclusion, I want to say that if' you are going to lay tile,
lay them right and give them a square deal. Unless you are
going to do that, keep your money in your pocket until such
time as you are ready to do it right.

                          DISCUSSION.
  Mr. Moore. Do tiling machines do the work cheaper than hand
laborers?
  Mr. Harness. No, but they get more work done.
  Mr. Amidon. Furthermore, jobs that could be done only at a
loss by hand are done with profit by a machine in the hands of a
good operator,



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