THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST

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ports to Great Britain is discouraging to the
Nova Scotia growers. They are, however,
being rightly persuaded to give their or-
chards every possible care. The Annapolis
Valley is so situated geographically that she
can take immediate advantage of British
markets once the embargo is lifted. Other
provinces whi have a long freight haul and
high rates to contend with, but Nova Scotia
shippers will have Halifax right at their
door. To keep an eye on futui'e possibili-
ties is a good policy under such conditions."
In spite of the embargo the Nova Scotia
growers have been wise enough to keep
their orchards practically in as good condi-
tion as ever, while almost without exception
the sections that normally compete with
Nova Scotia have allowed their orchards to
go back.   In this connection one section
that normally grows three million dollars
worth of Baldwins per year, most df which
go to England, lost through the frost last
winter two-thirds of their trees.  Other
things have taken place in other sections
which tend to cause one to be more opti-
mistic in regard to Nova Scotia's future.
The increasbd Freight Rates.
The 35 per cent increase in freight rates
is a big consideration for the grower with
the long rail haul, but an increase of four
times that amount would not be a serious
matter for growers in Nova Scotia with
Halifax within shunting distance.  Some
Nova Scotian growers go so far as to say
that they welcome every increase in rail
freight rates as it eliminates just so many
more western apples.
It is true that Nova Scotia has this last
year had the shortest crop of apples in her
history , but that is not the result of care or
lack of care, as well tended and neglected
orchards are relatively suffering equally.
Some attribute the short crop to injury in-
flicted by the gale of August 10th, 1917,
others to the cold winter 1917-1918, others
again to the lack of sunshine for the elabor-
ation of. plant food in the summer of 1917.
We have a short crop and know it is not the
result of neglect.  We are of the opinion
that the crop will tax the space allotted for
apples to England and we look -for good
prices for what apples we have, so taking it
all in all possibly the short crop is best
as 'a larger crop might cause apples to be
marketed at a loss locally as has happened
in previous years.
The Local Markets.
In spite of the fact that in certain years
the local markets have objected to paying
prices that would net the growers cost of
production, yet owing to the thorough can-
vassing of markets and the satisfactory
pack delivered by the United Fruit Com-
panies of N. S., Ltd., the consumption of
apples in local markets is increasing beyond
expectation.  During the last season the
local markets have consumed a larger pro-
portion of the crop than in any previous
year in the history of the United Fruit Com-
panies. Up until the lifting of the British
embargo on November 16th, 1918, the
United Fruit Companies marketed and ship-
ped out apples at the rate of 1,000 bbls. a
day, 17,000 of which were placed in our own
province of Nova Scotia. In this connection
the increase in the rate of rail freight has
practically prohibited the shipment of
apples to western Canada, and from that we
can draw our most reliable deduction as to
the effect of the increase of rail freight on
the European trade of our western competi-
tors.
While our local markets, in a sense, have
not been highly remunerative, yet they have
been our salvation during the last four

Xii.

March, 1919.


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