THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF PENNSYLVANIAPennsylvania; concrete product manufacturers
purchased 6.6 million barrels from the east and 1.4 million barrels from
the west, building material dealers purchased 3.1 million barrels from the
east and 850,- 
000 barrels from the west, and highway contractors purchased 2.2 million
barrels from the east and 1.4 million barrels from the west. 
 Limestone and cement rock were the chief raw materials used for the manufacture
of portland cement, 8.3 million tons in eastern Pennsylvania and 5.7 inillion
tons in western Pennsylvania. Other raw materials include clay, sand, slag,
gypsum, fluorspar, iron ore, and mill scale in eastern Pennsylvania and shale,
sand, slag, gypsum, iron ore, and mill scale in western Pennsylvania. Eastern
Pennsylvania cement plants purchased 677 million kilowatt-hours, western
plants 271 million kilowatt-hours. 
 Prepared masonry cement shipped from 
16 plants in eastern Pennsylvania totaled 
1.9 million barrels at an average price of 
$2.62 per barrel, of which 21 percent was 
shipped to locations ~n eastern Pennsylvania, 29 percent to New Jersey, 18
percent to New York, 7 percent to Virginia, 
6 percent to Maryland, 5 percent to Connecticut, and 5 percent to the District
of 
683 
 
Columbia. Shipments of prepared masonry cement from western Pennsylvania
totaled 1 million barrels at $2.90 per barrel, of which 52 percent was shipped
to locations in western Pennsylvania, 38 percent to Ohio, 4 percent to West
Virginia, and 4 percent to Michigan. 
 The leading portland cement producer was Northampton County with 44 percent
of the total production, followed by Lehigh County with 16 percent of the
total. Other counties producing cement were Allegheny, Butler, and Lawrence
in the west, and Berks, Montgomery, and York in the east. Northampton County
was also the leading masonry cement producer with 30 percent of the total
production. 
 
 Clays.—Total production of clays (excluding kaolin) decreased 9 percent
in tonnage and 2 percent in value from that of 1966. Fire clay accounted
for 48 percent of the total production, decreasing 11 percent in tonnage
and increasing 5 percent in value over that of 1966. Miscellaneous clay and
shale accounted for the remaining 52 percent of the total, decreasing 7 percent
in tonnage and 13 percent in value from that of 1966. 
 
Table 6.—Clays sold or used by producers, by kinds and uses1 
(Short tons) 
Fire clay 
Use ——— 
 1966 1967 
Miscell 
~— 1966 
aneous clay 
——— 1967 
Refractories: 
   Firebrick and block 738,262 623,661 
   Fire clay mortar W W 
Heavyclayproducts 627,370 556,018 1,404,763 1,343,447 
Portland and other hydraulic cements   227,120 W 
Undistributed 2 254,609 2 255,547 40,990 8 215,418 
 Total 1,620,241 1,435,226 1,672,873 1,558,865 
 
 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. 
 1 Excludes kaolin. 
 2 Includes exports, art pottery, floor and wall tile, high-alumina brick,
mortar, clay crucibles, foundries and steelworks (bulk), other refractories,
insecticides and fungicides, other filler, absorbent uses (1966), and other
uses (1966). 
 3 includes art pottery, flowerpots, and glaze slip; floor and wall tile;
foundries and steelworks (bulk); lightweight aggregate; portland hydraulic
cements (1967), and linoleum and oil cloth. 
 
 Clearfield County was the leading clay producer, followed by Lawrence, Beaver,
and Berks Counties. Of the total fire clay produced, 43 percent was used
for firebrick and block and 39 percent for building brick and other heavy
clay products. 
 
Of the total miscellaneous clay and shale produced, 86 percent was used for
building brick and other heavy clay products and 8 percent for portland and
other hydraulic cements. 
 Kaolin was produced in Blair County