Total 2 13,250 20,273 14,454 19,099 
838 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1967 ' Used at cement, paper, metallurgical, and chemical
plants, for railroad ballast, and miscellaneous unspecified purposes.2 Data
may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. 
 
Engineers at dam construction projects. Considerable sand and gravel from
Columbia County was used for constructing Little Goose Dam. 
 Sand and gravel was produced in 37 of the 39 counties. Commercial firms
operated 110 plants—73 stationary and 37 portable. Output from Government-andcontractor
operations, largely production by Federal, State, and local government agencies
for roadbuilding and dam construction projects, was from 53 plants—2
1 stationary and 32 portable. 
 Sand and gravel output was valued at over $5 million in King County, $3
million each in Pierce and Columbia Counties, $2 million in Snohomish County,
and more than $1 million each in Kittitas and Spokane Counties. 
 Distribution of output by use was as follows: Roadbuilding and maintenance,
53 percent; construction, 23 percent; fill, 11 percent; railroad ballast,
1 percent; and miscellaneous, 12 percent. Included under miscellaneous were
small but important quantities of special industrial silica sands used for
glass manufacturing, grinding, polishing, sandblasting, and foundry applications.

 A large part of the commercial sand and gravel production (53 percent) was
centralized at operations in King and Pierce Counties, within the Puget Sound
drainage system. The three largest commercial sand and gravel firms operating
in the State, all producing over 1 million tons annually, were the Steilacoom
operations of Pioneer Sand & Gravel Co. and Glacier Sand & Gravel
Co., both in Pierce County, and the Renton operation of Stoneway Concrete,
Inc., King County. 
 High productivity was reflected in value 
of sand and gravel produced at these large operations in the Puget Sound
drainage system where the prices for sand and gravel ranged between $0.50
and $0.75 per ton, f.o.b. plant, whereas the State composite value for commercial
sand and gravel averaged $1.02 per ton, f.o.b. plant. 
 Of 56 sand and gravel and stone operations subject to Washington Pollution
Control Commis~ion permit regulations in the Puget Sound drainage system,
an area comprising parts of 12 counties or about 14,000 square miles in western
Washington, 52 had permanent permits and were in compliance with the effluent
requirements established by the State; four were operating on a temporary
basis pending th~ir compliance with the regulations. 
 
 Stone.—Stone was quarried in 36 counties. Columbia, Franklin, Garfield,
and King Counties each had production valued at over $1 million. Intensive
use of stone at dam construction projects included operations in Columbia
(Little Goose Dam), Franklin (Lower Monumental Dam), and Garfield (Lower
Granite Dam) Counties. Stone output in King County was used largely in road
construction. 
 Basalt, accounting for 13 million tons, 90 percent of the total stone output,
came from operations in 32 counties. Basalt was used for building purposes,
and for concrete aggregate, roadstone, riprap, and ballast. 
 Limestone production of 900,000 tons valued at $1.5 million came from operations
in C'helan, Pend Oreille, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish, Stevens, and Whatcom
Counties. Most of the limestone was used by the cement industry; some, from

 
Table 7.—Stone sold or used by producers, by uses 
(Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 
1966 
Use 
Quantity 
1967 
——~________ 
Value Quantity Value 
Dimension stone (building)                             
23 
$291 
41 
$319 
Concrete and roadstone                               
Riprap                                            
Other'                                            
9,406 
1,132 
2,688 
13,084 
1,854 
5,045 
8,870 
 915 
4,629 
11,775 
1,514 
5,491