THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF TEXAS 765 
 
Table 19.—Portland cement production, shipments, and consumption 
(Thousand 376-pound barrels and thousand dollars) 
Year 
Production 
Shipments 
—----- 
 
Consumption 
 
 
Quantity 
Value 
 
1963                               
1964                               
1965                                
1966                               
1967                               
29,150 
29,792 
30,771 
31,487 
32,277 
29,104 
30,030 
30,820 
30,827 
31,944 
$92,734 
94,492 
97,598 
97,188 
99,329 
24,618 
26,156 
26,371 
26,995 
26,955 
 
had a combined annual production capacity of 47,499,000 barrels. The plants
purchased a total 616,756,573 kilowatthours and generated 71,205,300 kilowatthours
of electrical energy during 1967. 
 Sixteen of the cement plants also manufactured masonry cement. Production
and shipments of masonry cement increased less than 1 percent; value of shipments
declined slightly. 
 The counties leading in cement production in order of output were Harris,
Ellis, Bexar, and Dallas. Limestone was quarried by 13 of the cement operations
and used as the basic raw material. In plants along the gulf coast, shell
dredged from shallow bays was used in cement processing. 
 At Orange, Alpha Portland Cement Co. completed its 2.4-million-barrel-per-year
plant equipped with an automatic control system. General Portland Cement
Co., with plants at Dallas, Fort Worth, and Houston, announced that its main
office would be moved from Chicago to Dallas. Ideal Cement Co., following
modification of its No. 1 plant at Houston, began the manufacture of white
cement. Universal Atlas Cement Co. was constructing a new white cement plant
at Waco. Texas Industries, Inc., began the production of expansive cement,
termed "chemically con- 
trolled compensating cement," at its plant in Midlothian. 
 
 Clays.—Texas ranked third in the Nation in tital clay output with
67 companies reporting production from 48 counties. Although the value of
clay produced showed an increase in 1967, the tonnage dropped slightly. Declines
were noted in the output of fire clay and bentonite, but production of ball
clay, fuller's earth, kaolin, and miscellaneous clay was higher than that
of 1966. 
 One producer mined ball clay in the Troup district of Cherokee County. The
clay was used in the manufacture of ceramic products such as floor and wall
tile. 
 Bentonite output was down 10 percent from that of 1966. Production was reported
by five producers at six operations in Angelina, Fayette, Gonzales, and Walker
Counties. Slightly more than 26 percent of the bentonite was used in rotary-drilling
muds. Bentonite also was used as a filtering and decolorizing agent, animal
feed filler, foundry sand binder, in insecticide carrier, and as a solution
absorbent. 
 Fire clay production, which declined about 13 percent, was reported from
operations in Bastrop, Bexar, Bowie, Brewster, Cherokee, Eastland, Harrison,
Henderson, Hopkins, Limestone, Rusk, and Wood 
 
Table 20—Clays sold or used by producers, by kinds 
(Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 
 Bent 
Year — Quantity 
 
onite 
— Value 
Fire 
 
Quantity 
clay 
— Value 
Miscellaneous clay 
Quantity Value 
Total 
———————-—— 
Quantity Value 
1963           
1964           
1965           
1966           
1967           
120 
111 
114 
107 
97 
$1,366 
1,294 
829 
876 
660 
808 
666 
735 
859 
748 
$2,054 
1,815 
1,999 
2,057 
1,862 
 3,271 $3,429 3,379 3,586 3,605 3,832 3,523 3,934 3,598 4,882 
 ' 4,199 ' $6,849 ' 4,156 ' 6,695 ' 4,469 ' 6,865 ' 4,516 ' 7,187 24,497
' 8,081 
' Incomplete total excludes kaolin (1964) and fuller's earth (1963—64).
' Includes ball, kaolin, and fuller's earth.