THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF KANSAS 339 
 
5 percent; building material dealers, 7 
percent; concrete product manufacturers, 
10.5 percent; and miscellaneous customers, 
8 percent. 
 Masonry cement was produced at all portland cement plants and at a natural
cement plant in Bourbon County. 
 The Ash Grove Lime and Portland Cement Co. completed a research laboratory
and office building in Kansas City, Kans. 
 
 Clay.—Activity in the sewer pipe and lightweight aggregate industries
accounted for the gain in clay output. 
 
Table 16.—Portland cement production and 
 
shipments 
 
(Thousand 376-pound barrels and thousand dollars) 
 
Year 
Production 
Shipments 
 
 
 
Quantity 
Value 
1963           
1964           
1965           
1966           
1967           
8,248 
8,335 
8,877 
9,174 
9,023 
8,201 
8,483 
8,801 
8,979 
8,833 
$25,372 
25,959 
26,972 
27,246 
25,545 
Table 17.—Clays sold or used by producers (Thousand short tons andthousand
dollars) 
 
Year 
Quantity 
Value 
1963                
893 
$1,104 
1964                
785 
935 
1965                
789 
953 
1966                
847 
1,006 
1967                
935 
1,339 
 Thirteen firms produced clay from 24 pits in Kansas. Uses of Kansas clay
and shale included 41 percent for cement, 27 percent for building brick,
and 32 percent for sewer pipe, lightweight aggregate, heavy clay products,
and stoneware and pottery. 
 The Excelsior Brick Co., one of the oldest continuously operated industries
in Fredonia, was sold to Lusco Brick Co. of Wichita, Kans. The company name
was changed to Excelsior Clay Products, Inc. 
 
 *Gypsum.—Production of crude gypsum increased 3 percent, but that
of calcined gypsum decreased 10 percent from the 1966 output. The decrease
was due to the decline in the building industry, since the principal uses
of calcined gypsum are for 
wallboard and wall plaster. Kansas crude gypsum was used as a retarder in
portland cement, as a soil conditioner, and as a filler in paper and paint.

 
 Perlite,—Crude perlite mined outside the State was processed by Lite
Weight Products, Inc., at its plant in Kansas City, Kans. Expanded perlite
was used as a carrying agent for fertilizer, soil conditioning, building
plaster aggregate, concrete aggregate, filler material, and loose fill insulation.

 
 Pumice.—Output was considerably less in 1967 than in 1966. Volcanic
ash was used in cleansing and scouring compounds, hand soaps, and dusting
powders, and as an aggregate in asphalt concrete. 
 
 Salt.—Evaporated and rock salt were produced by six companies in Barton,
Ellsworth, Reno, and Rice Counties. Three companies produced rock salt, five
produced evaporated salt, and two produced both rock and evaporated salt.
Another producer pumped brine in Sedgwick County for use in making chlorine
and caustic soda. 
 Meatpackers, livestock raisers, leather tanners, and feed dealers were large
consumers of salt. Large amounts were also used for road stabilization and
snow and ice removal. Most of the increased production was consumed in ice
removal and for feeding stock. 
 
Table 18.—Evaporated and rock salt sold 
or used by producers 
(Thousand short tons and thousand dollars) 
 
Year 
Evapo 
Quan- 
tity 
rated salt 
Value 
Roe 
Quantity 
k salt Value 
1963        
1964        
1965        
1966        
1967        
435 
438 
453 
452 
521 
$9,669 
9,485 
9,828 
10,836 
12,085 
489 
492 
600 
517 
548 
$2,324 
2,314 
2,548 
2,552 
2,601 
 Sand and Gravel.—Sand and gravel was produced in 86 counties at 134
commercial and 83 Government-and-contractor operations. Commercial operators
produced 71 percent of total sand and gravel. The annual output of 46 percent
of the commercial operators was less than 25,000 tons; 47 percent produced
25,000 to