POTTERY AND PORCELAIN.

above and below. This method of laying bricks was the
most common in use and was known as the Flemish bond.
The first roofing tiles used in America were in all
probability brought from Holland. Peter Jagou built
three houses on the Burlington Islands in the Delaware
River, about 1668, of brick and tile. In 1670 he was
plundered by the Indians and his dwelling was destroyed.
Among the ruins of one of these structures Dr. Charles C.
Abbott discovered, in November, 1891, some red and
yellow bricks and examples of curled or " pan " tiles which
were apparently of Dutch workmanship, though Prof.
Edward S. Morse, who has devoted much time to the
study of the roofing tiles of the world, has suggested to
me that as there is no evidence that these were imported,
they may have been made in this country. In his instruc-
tive article on Roofing Tiles, published in The American
Architecl and Building News, of April 23, 1892, Prof.
Morse, referring to the flat roofing tile which has been
found extensively in Eastern Pennsylvania, makes use of
the following statement :  As the form of this tile and
its dimensions correspond to the average flat tile seen in
Germany, it is almost certain that the tile was introduced
by the early German emigrants to that region."
Flat terra-cotta roofing tiles were made to a consider-
able extent in certain parts of this country, particularly in
the German settlements of Eastern Pennsylvania, early in
the last century, and were commonly used on smith-shops
and out-buildings, but rarely on dwellings. The art was
brought from Germany, where the same methods of man-
ufacture are, to some extent, still practised. In this con-

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