1967 WISCONSIN BOOK

been integrated into the federal defense system as the National Guard but
remain-unless "federalized" during a specific defense emergency-under the
command of the Governor of each state.
The defense efforts of state government fall into 2 distinct categories: uni-
formed defense forces to suppress insurrection, repel attack and render
emergency police services, and the efforts of civil defense planning which
provide for emergency government in order to protect the population against
the effects of natural or man-made disasters including the possible aftereffects
of an enemy attack. In Wisconsin, the uniformed defense force is the Na-
tional Guard under the direction of the Adjutant General. When the Na-
tional Guard is drafted into the federal service, the Governor may authorize
the temporary formation of a substitute uniformed defense force, called the
State Guard (this force was created in both World War I and World War
II). In some states the State Patrol is also considered part of the state's uni-
formed defense force, but in Wisconsin the State Patrol is mainly designed
to enforce the motor vehicle code. Civil defense planning in Wisconsin is the
function of the Bureau of Civil Defense, which is a unit of the Executive
Office of the Governor. A special task closely related to the state's defense
efforts-the welfare of our Wisconsin veterans, is assigned to the Department
of Veterans' Affairs; its staff of about 350 operates not only the administra-
tive office in Madison, but also the Grand Army Home at King, which is
home to nearly 500 aged or disabled Wisconsin veterans.
About 90 employes, under the Adjutant General, handle the administration
of the Wisconsin Army and Air National Guard. Civil Defense, under a
state director who reports directly to the Governor, occupies the full time
of 18 employes. Total appropriations in this functional area are, for the
1965-67 biennium, about $7.3 million. Of this amount, the federal govern-
ment contributes about $600,000 for the construction of armories. The
Grand Army Home at King is maintained from program revenues (about
$1.2 million) consisting mainly of the interest from the Wisconsin Veterans
Fund and of payments by members joining the home. About $5.5 million
is spent on the administration of the National Guard and the Department
of Veterans' Affairs.
EDUCATION
One of the most extensive efforts of state government-in terms of the
amounts of money spent on the effort, and according to the number of em-
ployes assigned to tasks related to it-is public education at all levels. This
includes state assistance to elementary and secondary education; it includes
such generalized education programs as the state radio network and the pub-
lications of the State Historical Society; it includes state supported programs
of vocational, technical and adult education; and it includes the campuses
operated by the University of Wisconsin and the Wisconsin state universities.
The total funds involved exceed, for the 1965-67 biennium, $755 million in-
cluding over $120 million from the federal government, about $175 million
from program revenues and user fees (mostly the student fees at the Univer-
sity of Wisconsin, the state universities, and the extension campuses), and
over $460 million from general tax revenues. About 13,000 state employes
work full time on tasks related to education; this number includes a teaching
staff of about 3,800 on the campuses of the University of Wisconsin, and of
about 2,100 on the campuses of the state universities system.
School District Reorganization. One of the significant post-World War II
success stories in the field of governmental reorganization in Wisconsin con-
cerns the reorganization of schools from small, inefficient districts that could
not afford more than one or 2 teachers and that offered no specialized edu-

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