eding desities for the summer songbird layer in 
of 57 species per sqare mile). We were uble, 
 
hever, to project the diverse species comptsiti*  o  of the plots into 
terms of anav6       for the area. This to b         the veetative 
o-cte      wch determine species composition are too complex to mp 
onaL large area. 
Dissson    The overwhelming blk of the present domestic anials, 
as compared with either the prsent or the former wild animals, raises 
the question:   "At what cost are they supported?  Is ari         minin

the soil to feed its enormously expanded flocks and herds, or was the 
origia l animal coimnity an ineffi~ient exprssion of t ue fo 
capacity of the soil? 
The answer is, we think, both". 
The      +-t      o~ I, prari                           prav+ di -4 
grw too mu~ch cellulose In the form ofgrsan       too little grain or seed.

-1 
In this clinmte ,  s4a*not winter uch animnl life.  When agriculture 
set back the plant succession from the grass stage to te waed and ftob 
stages, it raised the ratio of edible seds to edible foliage, not only by

substituting tame grain* and h      for wild ones, but also by substituting

anals for perennl. A ative anal l             reed, for examle, can 
winter more animals, particularly birds, than the native prairie grasses.

The preoinance of rodets and rabbits in the present (and dautles*