CONTENTS


A b strac  t  .................................................................................................................................................................................  1
In tro d u ctio n  ...........................................................................................................................................................................  1
G round-w      ater  flow    system     ....................................................................................................................................................  5
      D escription     of  m  odeled     area   .......................................................................................................................................  5
      G eo lo g y  .......................................................................................................................................................................  5
      Hydrology        and ground-water movement ....................................................................................................................            5
      W ater use and description of wells .............................................................................................................................         7
O ptim ization    m  odeling     .........................................................................................................................................................  7
O ptim ization    sim  ulation    s  ......................................................................................................................................................  8
      Lower Fox River Basin               ground-water model .........................................................................................................          9
      Description of management alternatives .....................................................................................................................               9
      B aselin   e  cond   itio n s  .....................................................................................................................................................  11
      R esults    of  sim  ulations     .................................................................................................................................................  14
            Central Brown County               alternatives ...................................................................................................................  14
            F ox C ities  altern   atives   .......................................................................................................................................  18
            Limitations of simulation             results .......................................................................................................................  18
C o n clu sio  n s  ...........................................................................................................................................................................  19
R eferen    ces  cited   ....................................................................................................................................................................  19
Appendix: Elevation of bottom confining unit, 1990 and projected 2030 withdrawal rates, and well capacities by
  m odel location     and   w  ell  nam   e  ..........................................................................................................................................  22


FIGURES

    1. Map showing          location of study        and model area .......................................................................................................    2
 2-4. Graphs showing:
       2.  Ground-water levels and rate of decline in the Lower Fox River Valley ........................................................... 3
       3. Simulated and measured elevation of water level in the sandstone aquifer, land surface, bottom of
             confining unit, and Precambrian bedrock surfaces near the centers of the cones of depression in the
             Central Brown County and Fox Cities areas ...................................................................................................                   4
       4. Generalized section showing aquifers, confining unit, and direction of ground-water flow................ 6
 5-9. Maps showing:
       5. Water level relative to the bottom of the confining unit for 1990 withdrawal rates...................... 12
       6.  Projected 2030 withdrawal rates for high-capacity wells in the study area ........................................................ 13
       7. Water level relative to the bottom of the confining unit for projected 2030 withdrawal rates............... 15
       8. Water level relative to the bottom of the confining unit for optimized conditions: city of Green Bay wells
             managed, water level constraint 100 feet below bottom of confining unit, 8 additional wells, and
             growth wells for Rockland and Humboldt (alternative BC-10) ..................................................................... 16
       9. Change in withdrawal rates for optimized conditions: city of Green Bay wells managed, water-
             level constraint 100 feet below bottom of confining unit, 8 additional wells, and growth wells for
             Rockland and Humboldt (alternative BC-10) compared to projected 2030 withdrawal rates ....................... 17

TABLES

   1. Summary of optimization results for the ten Brown County alternatives represented by four factors:
          Green Bay municipal wells, growth wells, water-level constraints, and additional wells ......................... 10
   2. Summary of optimization results for the eight Fox Cities alternatives represented by three factors: Brown
          County water levels, municipal wells, and industrial wells. Results are summarized for municipal and
          industrial withdrawals for the two groups of communities: Heart-of-the-Valley and Western Towns........... 11


CONTENTS   III