CEMENT 571


consumption by uses, compiled by the Portland Cement Association. The trend
of the statistics in 1931 and 1932, of course, reveals the effects of the
depression.

Summary of data relating to markets for cement 1
 Average 1928 1931 19322


Concrete pavement awards:3
 Total, monthly average square yards.... 7,647,000 12,340,000 11,207,000
8,069,000
 Index numbers  100 161 147 106
Roads only, monthly average
 square yards... 4,805,000 7,794,000 9,321,000 7,199,000
 Index numbers4  100 162 194 150
Construction contract awards: 5
Total floor space, monthly average
 square feet 80,547,000 30,487,000 12,966,000
 Index numbers4  6100 124 47 20
 Total value, monthly average $552, 357,000 $257,737, 000 $112,613, 000
   Index numbers4 61(113 137 64 28
Residential, floor space, monthly average
  square feet  47,365, 000 15,856,000 6, 134,000
 Index numbers4  6 100 122 41 16
 Residential, value, monthly average - .~ $232, 360, 000 $67, 616,000 $23,
339,000
 Index numbers4  6 100 126 37 13
Building permits:7
Total value ~3, 659,197,000 $3, 304,670,000 $1, 237,985,000 $481, 490,000
     Index numbers 100 90 34 13
Engineering construction: 8
  value, monthly average $179,517, 000 $298,215, 000 $204, 515, 000 $101,
609,000
     Index numbers 4 100 166 114 57
Government contract awards:9
  States, total value   $83, 932,889 $53,261, 615
  Federal, total value   $141,102,645 $149,849,762
Concrete products production: Index numbers4 100 190 10 88 1038
Purchasing power of farmers: 10 Index number,
 1910-14 average=100 89.0 89.6 63.4 52.6
Railway expenditures, class I roads: 12
  Formaintenance of way and structures..   $847,991,732 $535, 876,483 $354,
965,379
  For ballast ~_     $35, 517,000 $13,921, (100 $8,109, 000


' *~ost of the information in this table is available by months in Survey
of Current Business.
2 1932 figures are subject to revision.
3 Compiled by the Portland Cement Association.
 4 on base, 1923-25 average= 100.
6 Compiled by F. W. Dodge Corporation for 37 States east of the Rockies.
6 Partly estimated from data for 27 States.
' Compiled by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; figures for 257 cities.
8 Compiled by Engineering News-Record; covers heavy engineering construction
contracts awarded.
8 Compiled by U.S. Bugeau of Labor Statistics.
' °Est~mated.
11. Compiled by U.S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
12 Compiled from reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Bureau
of Railway Economics.


CONSUMPTION BY STATES

 Although shipments of cement in the United States dropped 6.6 percent in
1932 compared with 1931, the rate of decline varied considerably in different
parts of the country. Nevada was the notable exception, Boulder Dam construction
being responsible for an increase in consumption of 371.5 percent. Figure
53, A, compares cement consumption by States in 1931 and 1932. The total
area of each circle represents the magnitude of 1931 consumption for that
particular State, assuming that consumption is equivalent to shipments into
the State. Imports and exports may alter actual consumption in the seaboard
States, but from the viewpoint of the producer actual shipments into States
indicate available markets.
- New York was by far the largest consumer of cement in 1931, followed by
Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and California. The other large markets, except
Texas, were confined to the East and Middle West. Consumption in the Rocky
Mountain States normally is small,