FIGURE 34.—Materialsfiow sheet for coal hydrogenation.
446 MINERALS YEARBOOK
to 250 atmospheres, either in one operation or in successive stages. The
raw material is thus completely converted into gasoline, and other light
oils if required, and hydrocarbon gas. In the case of coal, the ash of the
coal and a small proportion of the carbonaceous matter, is left as a solid
residue which can be used
for steam raising. The gas is used as the raw material for hydrogen manufacture,
which follows the general lines so well worked out for ammonia synthesis.
The yield obtained is 62 percent by weight of gasoline from coal, 80 percent
from low-temperature tar, and 90 percent from creosote oil. Including the
coal required
 Compressed make-up Hydrogen
 Hodnoros I
Hodrenen
 i=~1     h
 ~7 (' ~ flPastingoil l-~ ~1 ~flr?It ~ ~J  Middle oil
 V l~7 ~ txdl IT Sal II LI Wash-oil In rL I d ~, snjertor

\r.J )f~ure ut~ro~1~1 ~l ~UI 1i~or A~ I V
 M~.-1 ~ T ~ Ji ~
 pre~ton U~i~°h~genaion j ~ ~ Gae-wasEiniplani~ ~ vapor-phase
 Sludge from converter hydregentition
 Uquid-phase crude products Vapur~phaae crudeproductz S
 Crude-gasoline Refined gasoline
 Middle oil
  Crude
 Insoluble mattor r-aoline
 Sl~ge.eulzaetion plant ~l~s~i1i Vapor-phase still nal still Refined gasoline
tauk


FIGURE 35.—Flow diagram of coal-hydrogenation plant of Imperial Chemical
Industries, Ltd., at Billingham-on-Tees, England.


for power generation and heating, 31/2 tons of coal are required for the
production of 1 ton of gasoline by the hydrogenation of bituminous coal.
 To obtain low costs large-scale operation is essential. Messrs. Imperial
Chemical Industries, Ltd., worked out in detail a plant for the manufacture
of