CRUDR PRTROLEUM AND PETROLRUM PRODUCTS 493

40,905,000 barrels, which places it close behind kerosene quantitatively.
The output, expressed in cubic feet, was 160,812,000,000 (4 percent above
1931).
 The production of still gas, most of which is used as refinery fuel, is
usually associated with cracking; however, as cracking declined in 1932 the
increased production was probably caused by an increase in the number of
plants that have recovery systems.

IMPORTS, EXPORTS, AND SHIPMENTS THROUGH PANAMA
CANAL

 Imports.—Imports of refined products were restricted by the enactment
of import duties on the important products on June 21 and dropped. from 38,837,000
barrels in 1931 to 29,757,000 barrels in 1932. The decreases in the imports
after the duties went into effect are indicated in the following table:

Duty Jan. 1-June 20

June 21—Dec. 31 Total for year
Crude oil    
Gasoline     
Fuel oil     
Wax       
Other
$0.21 per barrel     
$1.05 per barrel     
$0.21 per barrel     
$0.01 per pound ~
       
31,236,000 barrels -
7,634,000 barrels --
14,100,000 barrels -
22,126,000 pounds~
95,000 barrels    
13,452,000 barrels 44,688,000 barrels.575,000 barrels 8,209,000 barrels.7,129,000
barrels 21,229,000 barrels.
11,130,000 pounds~ 33,256,000 pounds.
 105,000 barrels 200,000 barrels.
 The data for the first period of nearly 6 months are high because passage
of the tax bill was anticipated several months in advance; nevertheless,
it is reasonably evident that the major part of gasoline imports was excluded
by the tax, but that approximately half of the crude oil, fuel oil, and wax
continued to enter.
 Exports. —Exports of refined oils continued to reflect the expansion
of refining facilities and the unsettled conditions abroad and suffered another
material setback in 1932. Total exports of refined products in 1932 were
71,994,000 barrels, and shipments to noncontiguous territories*were 3,701,000
barrels, 75,695,000 barrels in all, compared with 98,859,000 barrels in 1931.
Of the 1932 total, 47 percent was gasoline, natural gasoline, and benzol;
14 percent, kerosene; 26 percent, fuel oil; 9 percent, lubricants; and only
4 percent, asphalt, wax, and miscellaneous oils. Exports of refined products,
particularly gasoline, declined rapidly in the last half of the year, due
partly to the competition of gasoline and other products excluded by import
duties.
 The United Kingdom continued to be the chief customer of the United States
for refined products, leading all countries in purchases of gasoline, kerosene,
lubricants, and wax. Exports of gas oil and fuel oil to Japan continued at
a relatively high level and were more than three times exports to Canada,
the second most important customer. Of particular interest was a 48 percent
increase in exports of gasoline to Australia and a substantial gain in exports
of wax to Germany. Of interest also was the decline in shipments of fuel
oil to South America, once an important customer. This loss of trade is probably
a result of increased competition of fuel oil from Venezuela, a much nearer
source of supply.
 Shipments of refined prod'ucts through the Panama Canal .—S hipments
of refined products from California through the Panama Canal