150 MINERAIAS T~ARBOOIC

not be given) was 18,514 tons. The output of copper from mines in North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Pennsylvania was 10,872,200 pounds, a decrease of nearly 12,474,000
pounds from 1931. The Tennessee Copper Co. ran its flotation plant and smelter
on ore from the Polk County, Burra-Burra, and Eureka mines in Tennessee and
on crude suiphide ore from the Fontana' mine in Swain County, N.C.; the company
mines were operated 191 days, the flotation plant was operated 173 days,
and thO smelter was operated full time on reduced tonnage. The Ducktown Chemical
& Iron Co. operated its Isabella and East Tennessee mines and its flotation
plant part of ' the year; it did not operate its smelter but stored the copper
concentrates. The Mascot. mine and mill of the: American Zinc Co. of Tennessee
were operated at about 80 percent of the 1931 rate. The Universal ExplOration
Co. did not mine any zinc carbonate ore in 1932 but kept its 800-ton all-flotation
plant running on zinc sulphide ore at a lower rate than. in 1931; the biende
concentrates shipped had an average zinc content of 64.83 percent—the
highest grade zinc concentrates .reported in 1932. The Embree Iron Co. in
Washington County shipped much less high-grañe zinc carbonate than
in 1931 but more lead carbonate. . . .
 Virginia:----The value, of gold produced from mines in Virginia from 1828
to 1932, inclusive, is recorded as $3,299,073, of which only about $9,800
was produced during the last 22 years. In 1932 Virginia prOduced ~$637 in
gold and 8 ounces of silver—the first output of gold since 1926. Shipments
of lead and zinc concentrates decreased sharply in 1932. As there were only
two producers of zinc and one of lead the Bureau of Mines is not at liberty
to publish the figures. Sulphide lead-zinc ore was mined at ' the Austinville
mine of the Bertha Mineral Co. The Ivanl~oe Mining & Smelting Co. mined
some oxidized zinc ore from shallow shafts.. The gold and silver came from
the Moss mine near Tabscott, Goochiand County, operated by J. 0. Williams
and others. A 150-foot shaft was completed in July 1932, and a small stamp
mill was operated for a few days on ore taken out during development. Part
of the ore developed probably is not amenable to treatment by amalgamation
and must be shipped to a smelter. Development work was continued in 1932
by Leo Faust on the Wailer mine near Tabscott. The vertical shaft is down
more than 300 feet. Some good ore is reported at the 150-foot level, but
no effort wifi be made to mill the ore until drifts are run at the 300-foot
level to cut other veins and until tests are made to indicate the proper
method of treatment. The Moss and Wailer mines are only 2 miles apart, in
the James River area about 40 miles from Richmond.

 REVIEW OF MINE PRODUCTION IN THE CENTRAL STATES

 Tenor of ores.—The only fair basis for comparison of the relative
magnitude of mining operations in different States is that of quantity of
crude ore or "dirt." There are, however, marked differences in the metal
content of the ores of the several mining regions and States; therefore,
comparison of tenor of the ores is of interest and sigmficance. All but a
very small part of the ore from the Central States is of such tenor that
it requires concentration. In Kentucky and southern Illinois most of the
lead and zinc concentrates are recovered as byproducts in the concentration
of the fluorspar that they accompany,