518 MINERALS YEARBOOK

particularly in some of the principal producing States, notably Louisiana,
Kansas, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania.
 In some of the smaller producing States, on the other hand, the 1932 output
increased appreciably over that in 1931. Due to the development of the Jackson
field, natural-gas production in Mississippi in 1932 was considerably larger
than in 1931. Michigan. also recorded a substantial increase. In the eastern
fields interest in natural-gas developments was stimulated by the continued
exploration which resulted from discovery of the Wayne-Tyrone field in New
York and the Tioga and Hebron fields in Pennsylvania. Deeper drilling in
West Virginia resulted in several gas showsin the Devonian shale ' above
the Oriskany sand, indicating the possibility of further development of gas
reserves in that State.
 Particular attention was paid during the year to the problem of reducing
gas wastage, especially in California and Oklahoma. In California the gas
wasted during 1932 was only 6 percent of the recorded output compared with
44 percent in 1929. In Oklahoma a concerted effort was made to reduce the
gas wastage in the Oklahoma City field.
 The following review, by States, of natural-gas developments during 1932
is based primarily on information received from local authorities.

RECENT NATURAL-GAS DEVELOPMENTS

 Arkansas.—Little progress was made in the development of new natural-gas
fields in Arkansas during 1932, according tO George C. Branner, State geologist.
In western Arkansas one test each was completed in Franklin, Crawford, and
Washington Counties, and a test was begun in Yell County. The Crawford and
Washington County tests were dry holes. The Franklin County test, in sec.
13, T. 8 N., R. 29 W., near Vesta on the Vache Grasse anticline, was completed
to a depth of 2,380 feet in the Atoka formation. Initial production was about
3,000,000 cubic feet, with a rock pressure of 400 pounds.
 The Russellvi]le field, which was discovered in October 1929, has not been
drified out or connected with a pipe line. Three gas wells in that field
were shut in during 1932. It is estimated that leases on approximately 300,000
acres of potential gas territory in western Arkansas were held during 1932
by gas companies.
 (]alijormia.—Natural gas is produced in California from 35 oil and
gas fields. Production during 1932 totaled 276,877,100,000 cubic feet, according
to Claude C. Brown, gas and electric engineer, California Railroad Commission.
Of the 1932 total, 144,106,500,000 cubic feet were sold to gas-utility companies
and others; 53,697,100,000 cubic feet represented gasoline-plant fuel and
shrinkage; 40,654,500,000 cubic feet were used as fuel in the field; 8,666,000,000
cubic feet were used as fuel at refineries; 12,242,100,000 cubic feet were
returned to the formations for storage or for use in repressuring operations;
and 17,510,900,000 cubic feet were blown into the air.
 California is the outstanding example in the United States of reduction
in natural-gas wastage. During 1929, 248,477,000,000 cubic feet, or nearly
700,000,000 cubic feet daily, were blown into the air (44 percent of the
recorded output). During 1932 the quantity of gas so wasted averaged 48,000,000
cubic feet daily, only about 6 per-