THE WISCONSIN FARMER.                             
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  seemingly inexhaustible. Some of the Brown     The ores embraced the more
valuable com-
  lIematites make the best steel manufactured in mercial varieties, such
as Copper Pyrites, Yel-
  Europe.                                      low Copper Ore, Grey Copper
Ore, Malachite.
     The .Manufactured Iron constituted one of the (green carbonate of copper),
and Red Oxide of
  most interesting branches of this class of the Copper. The quantity of
Copper produced in
  Exhibition; particularly when considered in Great Britain is very much
less than sufficient
  connection with the history of iron manufac- to supply the demand. In 18o)
the value of
  ture. According to the Report of the Keeper the produce of the English
mines was about
  of the Mining Records, &c., the quantity of eight ant a half millions
of dollars, derived
  pig iron produced in 17l5) did not exceed 30,- from the sale of 15,968
tons of copper.
  000 tons. In 1800 there were 582 furnaces in   In 18t61, England imported
74,16.3 tons; in
  blast, yielding 3,820,752 tons of pig iron.  the same year exporting 14,80C5
tons in bricks
    In the Department of Manufactured Iron, and pigs, and 2,359 tons of sheet
copper.
  many remarkable examples were shown-a          The specimens of copper
smelting were
  a"double-throw" crank-shaft of 1,3i5(0 horse marked:
  power, intended for Her Mtajesty's Steam ram,    Ca i;(lcined Ore-copper
ore after the extrac-
  Northumberland, being a most wonderful pro- lion of the sulphur.
  duct of the forge. Its weight as it came from   Coarse Metal-obtained by
the 2d process ot
  the hammer was 24 tons, 1t) cwt., . qrs. and smelting, producing about
401 per cent.
  19 11s.-the largest double crank-shaft ever I    alcined Coarse Metal-3d
process, for the
  made.                                       extraction of sulphur from
the coarse metal
  Several armor plates were likewise shown, of  Metal I Brnch'-4th process,
producing about
  great dimensions. But the most notable thing  l( per cent. of copper.
  in the way of hammered iron-next after the      Close Reyed-5th process,
producing it per
  crank-shaft referred to-was a plate 5., inches cent.
  thick, 6 feet wide, and 30 feet long!          Spongy Regile-Cth process,
producing about
  The exhibitions of Steel were also highly in- 80 per cent.
  teresting.  An improved process, illustrated   Blister Copper-7th process,
yielding about
  by W. Llawksworth & Co., exhibitors, for mak- 95 per cent. of copper.
  ing various shaped tubes, is worthy of notice.  Select Ingot Copper-fine
metal as prepared
  It is as follows:                            for market.
  " We take a piece of properly prepared steel, from aix
  Inches to a foot long, by from two to six Inches dameter,  Tough Ingot
Copper-ready for market.
    byog   hc a soere ofa dertawingsithoug as wordlled and at
throughich a hee of d ertaings ethroug i   wrdle and  Toughi Cake Copper-hammered
out by hand
over a mandril (both of peculiar construction), the met- in illustration
of the malleability of this cop-
alins elongated and highly polished at the same time, and
reduced to the given sVape and size, Internal and exter- per.
naL. Should the tube be desired for a gun or rifle barrel,
it is afterwards passed through elliptical rolls and the  Tough Bar ('upper-as
specially prepared for
desired cone given; then placed in a matrix and the man-
dril drawn through to straighten the bore and bring it to the manufacture
of wire."
the proper aiae. One machine, worked by five men, will
throw out sixhundred barrels per week. The process is  pRoDUCTS OF LEAK)
MINES OF CREAT BRITAIN.
simple, expeditious and cheap. cast steel barrels made
under it can be sold at but little over the cost price of the Thoriaycmeiloeswewllep
present ordinary Iron ones; and the principle is, more-s were well rep-
over, applicable to all ductile metals."     resented.  They were chiefly
the sulphides,
   COPPER ORES AND MANUFACTURED    COPPER    consisting of lead 85.13 and
sulphur 13.02 per
   Were present in variety and quantity, the cent. In connection with the
ores from Car-
former from the Cornwall district, Wales, Dev- diganshire were some tools
and a pig of lead,
onshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cumberland, discovered near the close of
the last century,
Scotland and Ireland; the latter chiefly from  and bearing undoubted evidence
of having
the Mona Smelting Works in Anglesea, and belonged to the Roman miners in
the time of
from Swansea.                                the Emperor Adrian. The ores
contain silver



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