THE WLSCONSIN FARMER.



dleverly dealt out by the wizard who presides
at the box-nay, take a piece into your own
hands and believe.
  id But how is the ice made? " Very simply
indeed. This is the principle: evaporation is
a cooling process.  This theory is recognized
every time we sprinkle water upon the floor oG
ourapartments in summer. The water evapo-
rates, and in becoming vapor takes with it a
portion of the heat of theapartment. So now,
if we could find something which would act in
the same manner upon water as it acts upon
the floor, only more rapidly, the temperature
of the water might be so diminished as that it
would be frozen. Sulphuric ether is a liquid
which vaporizes very rapidly, and is hence very
cooling. Put a drop upon your hand and see
how cool it makes it at once.
  But ether would not naturally vaporize so rap.
idly as to freeze water in contact with it. Is there
no way by which the rapidity of that process
might be increased sufficiently to accomplish
that object! Yes, by simply removing the air
which presses upon the surface of the ether
with a weight of 15 pounds to the square inch
and thus retards the formation of vapor. This
may be readily done by means of an air pump;
and this is what is now being done before our
eyes.
  The ether is contained in a tight vessel sur-
rounded by a quantity of salt water in another
larger vessel; and the air is exhausted from
the ether vessel by a pump working with a
piston air-tight.  This vaporizes the ether so



fast that the salt water is suddenly reduced to
a temperature below the freezing point. It is



then compelled to flow through a long close
box containing tin moulds of pure water, which
is thereby frozen and delivered in beautiful
cakes by the traveling frame which moves in a
direction contrary to the refrigerating current.
  The ether vapor removed at every stroke of
the pump is passed over to a condenser where
it reassumes the ether form and is then return-
ed to the evaporating vessel to be used again
and again.
  "1 But what has steam to do with all this ?"



It works the pump and drives the other na-
chinery.  The pseessa is, therefore, litesally
the making of ice by steam.
  This one machine is capable of supplying
an the ice required in the Exhibition.
  Glancing hurriedly at a vast number of ma-
chines fbr making brick, for preparing peat,
brewing machines and coolers, bottling and
corking nmhlnes, washing machine., crushing
machines, wire-rope and telegraphic cable.
making machinery, automaton mint weighing
machines, electronagnetic engines, and a
thousand others, we come finally to the mag-
nificent display of
     SPINNING AND WZAVUIX MACcIuNay.
  Of these, another day.

  Winter Zvem  yThoughte-Farmiag nt te
        Aeanest Oeopatien after all.
  EDITOR Wis. FAERn .-The remarks of
Adolphus, in the February No. of the FAnLmA1.
were read with interest by the undarged,
and for his eneouragement, I would say that
farmers do not acquire riches and independ-
once because they are always and uniormly
successful in each and all of their various pro-
jects and undertakin, but it is through eter-
nal vigilance and patient, uniring persever-
anee, that a competence through farming is
usually attained.
  Planting and tending fruit trees, the fruits
of which they will, perhaps, never ea, sowing
and planting grain from which they do not re-
*iUse a paying crop; digging and gathering
unsound potatoes; picking mildewed goose-



berries, and losing now and then a favorite
tree or shrub, is nothing more than fells to the



lot of all mortal farmers.
It is said that whatever has been done ean,
under the same circumstances, be done agi;
therefore, by observing, as we may, the auo-
ews which have attended the efforts of some
rarmers in this State, in the way of raising
ruit and other farm products, sU who chose
nay reasonsbly hope to eat fruit pleked from
their own vines and trees, even in this "'vai-
ible and inhospitable clime." We may als
usually expect to raise an overplus, and, now



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