THE *ISCONSIN FARMER.



only one pair of wheels, five feet in diameter
and studded with steel spikes to insure a hold
upon the ice.  The fore part of the boiler is
supported on a frame with sled runners, the
frame being adjustable by means of a hand.
steering wheel on the driver's platform.
         THE RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES
  Are most v f them splendid examples of the
superior skill of the English workers in iron.
In external appearance they are not so showy
as the American Engines, but some of them
are more powerful than any we remember to
have seen in the United States.  Here is one
that weighs 27 tons, and has repeatedly made
60 to 70 miles per hour. It is supported upon
eight wheels, the driving wheels being 8 feet
6 inches in diameter. The cylinders are 171
inches in diameter, with two feet stroke, and
are placed outside the wheels. Centre of grav-
ity lowered by suspending the boiler under the
driving axle.
  Here is another whose weight is 35 tons;
effective power, as measured by a dynamome-
ter, equal to 743 horses.  It is said to be ca-
pable of drawing a train with a gross weight
of 120 tons at the rate of 60 miles an hour on
fair gradients.  Tbe boiler will bear a press.
ure of 120 pounds to the square inch, and when
employed in the mail service, with a train of
90 tons, is aecustomed to make the moderate
speed of 29 miles per hour, including stoppa-
ges, with the consumption of but 21 bs. of
coke per mile.
  But the most novel feature of any railway
locomotive is that which characterizes an ex-
press engine exhibited by the London & North-
western Railway Company. The tender of
this engine is provided with an apparatus for
replenishing the supply of water while the
train is in motion: this is effected by a curved
tube of rectangular section, which is capable
of being lowered so as to dip into a trough of
water placed between the rails; the impulse
imparted to the water by the train in motion
causes it to rise in the tube and flow into the
tender tank. In actual practice, the troughs
are used in lengths of a quarter of a mile, and
a speed greater than 16 miles per hour is re-



quisite to make the scoop act. At 22 miles an
hour 1080 gallons can be picked up out of one
trough, and 1180 gallons at 35 miles per hour,
at which speed the maximum effect is produced.
                   MILLS
  Of various kinds are on exhibition-flouring
mills, mills for the manufacture of linseed oil,
and mills for the manufacture of sugar from
the cane.
  One of the last of these is remarkable for
its massiveness and immense power, on which
account it constitutes a marked feature of this
branch of the Exhibition. It consists of three
horizontal iron rollers, having their surface
slightly roughened by shallow grooving. The
juice expressed by these rollers Is lifted by a
pump worked by a crank attached to one of
the rollers.
  This mill is driven by a powerful beam steam
engine. Total weight of mill, 140 tons.
  Hydraulic presses, centrifugal pumps, blow-
ing engines, ventilators, and many other ma-
chines for as many purposes crowd this part of
the building and challenge our attention, but
"must wait another day."
           ICE-XAKING nY STEAM!
  If the East India monarch, who had never
seen ice, felt himself trifled with and insulted
by the foreign visitor who attempted to con-
vince him that in the country from which he
came, the water became so hard in the winter
that an elephant could walk upon it, what
would he have said had he been told that it
was capable of being reduced to that condition
by steam ?
  Fifty years ago the possibility of this would
not have been believed by even an enlightened
Anglo-Saxon philosopher. And yet this very
thing is being done here to-day, with the ther-
mometer up to 900 in the shade!
  Let us elbow our way through the wonder-
ing crowd and see the nuahwen that does it.
That it is actually made by it none will doubt,
for at one end the water goes in, and at the
other, cakes of beautiful ice, two inches thick,
come out almost without ceasing.  "But is it
ice?" Look at the thirsty, melting multitude
who eagerly catch at the broken fragments so



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