TH TE WISCONSIN FARMER.



D-yuna) throwing boards for the spear. ham-
mers and shields
  The colony of Western Austrtlia incltdes
al! that portion of New Holland west-
ward of 129' E. longitttde; its greatest
length beiug 1.2o ) miles from north to south,
its width 800. It hits a coast of 2.000 miles
on the Indian (Pccan. Lying parallel to the
coast. and some twenty-five miles from it, is a
range ot bills, or low mountains, beyond
whiclh-20 to 50 wiles to the eastward-are
the undulating, grassy lands admirably adapt-
cel to the grazing of cattle and sheep. The
climate is said to be one of the most healthful



  Turning southward, down the Pacific coast,
we next stand within the borders of
            NEW HOUTH WALES,
The first discovered portion of the island con-
tinent, New Holland.  The discovery was
made in 1770, by Captain Cook, who gave it
its present name because of the resemblance
of its bold coasts and the broken outline of its
inland mountains, to the coast of South Wales
in Great Britain. The first settlement was
made in 1788, on tihe present site of Sidney,
but for many years, owing to the fact of its
being a penal colony for exiled convicts, it
had but slow growth.
  The area of this colony is said to be 323,437



ocetipat ion having been less than one per cent. square miles-three times
as large as England,
-all fivotille to t1e growth of not only I Scotland ant Wales, anl more than
six times
maize. tie potato an I other field crops and as large as Wisconsin. Population
in 1861,
fruits cullnloll in the temperate zone, but also |30,860, exclusive of the
military and aborig-
the orat go. the tbani iina andii tie fig.  minal inhabitants. Sidney, its
commiercial city,
  C'otning over fromn WCFt Australia tItrotigh contains a population of 94,000.
a but litti explored aind as yet unnamed ter-  In pataoral industry New South
Wales leads
ritorv of large nrea, extending from  South all the Australian colonies-the
statistical
Austrutlil to the tottlerti water boundary ofe returtis for 1861 showing
over six millions of
the  renit islanil. we cotme at last to     sheep. nearly two and a half
millions of cat-
               *'ttl\NS LANDt.               tIe and a :(Iuarter of a nillion
of horses.
On tie unrth-ea-terti coast. Thiu large and  *Vooil, tallow and hides are
great staples of
flourishing colony was sepatrnted from its pat- commerce. In 1060 the export
of Wool from



rent colony. New Souttt Wales, as late as 1859.



It htas an area larger than tithat of- South Aus-
tralia. atnd is more favoraibly situated in those
matters which insure a successful agriculture
and horticulture, ais we shall see by the varied
and interesting collection of articles on exhi-
bition. The potato. the turnip, the carrot,
maize. ii heat. arrow-root. tobacco. sugar cane,
coffee. cotton, the pine-apple, banana, orange,
the grape, olive. tamarind, cocoa. arcall here:
also many of the most valuable spices, such
as cinnamon, the nuttmeg, ginger. allspice and
the clove. Indigo and cinchona are likewise
represented. Moreover the finest quality of
silk has been producedesamples of it having
a place. as you see. by the side of the fine
Queenslanid cotton. Coal and copper are im-
portant articles in the mineral collection of
the colony, and valuable woods abound in
great variety.



Sidney was nearly thirteen million pounds;



value over five and a half million dollars!
Wheat. Indian corn of fine quality, the vine
and most other crops grown in Victoria and
Queensland, are likewise grown in this col-
ony. The wines, of which we find so many
samples, are of superior quality.
  The mineral resources are immense, though
not so great as those of Victoria. Amount of
gold-of which here are fine samples-export-
ed within the past ten years, over lifty-five
millions of dollars worth.
  Coal also abounds. The samples before us
are of excellent quality-one 7 per cent. infe-
rior to the best Welsh coal for steam, and sev-
eral per cent. superior to many of the best
English coals for its illltutinating power when
manufactured into gas.
  The reports of railroad and telegraph cor-
porations, of institutions of learning and



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