as to confuse the sense.
iort sentences should be
i order to give a pleasing
ere is generally a rounded
ntence, not found in the
tile, in order to express
better to use short sen-

such words and
understand.

T, force, clearness, and
language are frequently
hanced by the judicious
torical figures, which are
explained as follows:
s an expressed comparison.
,e van, brightens every object on which
implied comparison, indi-
-e of two objects by apply-
or conduct of one directly

"IJfe Is an iplhm,18
t." "The storms of
a story under
m  what is ex-
Ad comparison
desiL,ned con-

A   Metonymy (Me-ton-y-my)        substitutes   the
name of one object for that of another that
sustains some relation to it, either by some de-
gree of mutual dependence or otherwise so
connected as to be capable of suggesting it;
thus cause is used for effect or the effect for the,
cause, the attribute for the sub.eet or the sub-
ject for the attribute.
ExAMPEs-1. Cause and effect; as "Extravagace is the riin of
many,"1- that isn, the caime of rai.
2. Attribute and that to which it belongs; as "Pride shall be
brought low"- that is, the proa.
A Synecdoche (sin-ek-do-ke) is a form of speech
wherein something more or something less is
substituted for the precise object meant, as
when the whole is put for a part, or a part for
the whole; the singular for the plural or the
plural for the singular.
EXAXPLES - " HIS head Is grey,"- that Is, his hir. " The world
consiers him a man of talent,"- that is, the people.
Antithesis is the contrasting of opposites.
EXAMPLES - ".ink or swin, live or dis, survive or per k, I give
my hand and heart io this vote." "Though deep yet clear."
Irony is a form of speech in which the writer
or speaker sneeringly means the reverse of what
is literally said, the words being usually mock-
ery uttered for the sake of ridicule or sarcasm.
Irony is a very effective weapon of attack, the
form   of language being       such   as scarcely    to
admit of a reply.
ExXMPLE- "Have not the Indians been kindly and justly treated?
Have not the temporal things, the vain baubles and filthy lucre of
this world, which are too apt to engage their worldly and selfish
thoughts, been benevolently taken from them; and have they not
iustead thereof, been taught to set their affections on things above? "
Paralipsis pretends. to conceal what is really
expressed.
EXAMePLE- " lwill nol call hi7nilflai,because it would be unpar-
liamuentary. I l1l nof cal haim fool, because he happens to be chan-
cellor of the exchequer."                         
Climax is the gradual ascending in the expres-
sion of thought, from things lower to a higher
and better. Reversed, it is called anticlmax.