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station Kk-2 in the inner harbor. Fecal coliform levels exceeded the standard
at all three locations. As noted in the subsequent section, standards for metals
are also exceeded at all stations.
Toxic and Hazardous Substances
Sampling and analysis for pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy
metals were conducted by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in the
Kinnickinnic River watershed from 1973 through 1977. The analyses indicated that
recommended levels of mercury were exceeded in four of 73 samples, and that
recommended PCB levels were exceeded in one out of 12 water quality samples.             I
Sample analyses for cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, DDT, DDE, DDD,
aldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, dieldrin, methoxychlor, and
phthalate uncovered no violations of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
recommended levels. Sampling and analyses of bottom sediments were conducted on
the Kinnickinnic River, and detectable levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, zinc, and PCBs were observed; however, no criteria were estab-
lished to assess the recorded concentrations.
Recent data on metals in the Kinnickinnic River watershed were collected by the
Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, as shown in Figures VI-1 through VI-3.
Available data collected from stations Kk-1, 2, and 3 from 1976 to 1993 indicated
that lead, copper, and cadmium concentrations at all stations violated chronic
toxicity level standards as established by the Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources.   Levels of zinc also violated chronic toxicity standards at two
stations, Kk-1 and Kk-3.
Sediment contamination with PAHs is a general problem in the sediments of the
Kinnickinnic River portions of the Milwaukee Harbor estuary, as documented in the
Milwaukee Harbor estuary study6 and the remedial action plan for the Milwaukee
Harbor estuary.7  Additional data on the sediment chemistry of the Kinnickinnic
River are reported by Ni, Gun, and Christensen8 and by Masterson and Bannerman.9
Both studies report PAH concentrations that exceed the Lowest Effect Level (LEL)
guidelines proposed as screening criteria for contaminated sediments by the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.10 In addition, data on copper and oil
6SEWRPC Planning Report No. 37, op.cit.
7Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Milwaukee Estuary, Remedial Action
Plan, March 1991.
8Fay Ni, Michael F. Gun, and Erik R. Christensen, Toxic Organic Contaminants in
the Sediments of the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary; Final Report, Milwaukee Metropoli-
tan Sewerage District, March 1992.
9John P. Masterson and Roger T. Bannerman, "Impacts of Stormwater Runoff on Urban
Streams in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin;" in Proceedings of the National Symposium
on Water Quality, AWRA, November 1994; pp. 123-133.
10Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Draft) Inventory of Statewide
Contaminated Sediment Sites and Development of a Prioritization System, June
1994.

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