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There are three major water quality issues remaining to be resolved in the
watershed of minor streams and direct drainage area tributary to Lake Michigan.
These issues relate to the implementation of subregional sewerage system plans;
the need for more detailed study of the estuary; and the monitoring and planning
related to biological invasives.
Subregional Sewerage System Plan Implementation
The first issue relates to implementation of the sewer service area and treat-
ment plant recommendations set forth in subregional system plans'5 for the               I
greater Racine and greater Kenosha areas. The recommendations of those plans
include revisions to the planned sewer service areas in the greater Kenosha area
and the greater Racine area and call for the City of Kenosha and City of Racine
sewage treatment plants to serve additional areas. These recommendations are
described in more detail in Chapters IV and XIII.
Lake Michigan Estuary Water Quality Planning
The estuary reaches of the Milwaukee, Menomonee, and Kinnickinnic Rivers have
been specifically considered in the initial plan through the Milwaukee Harbor
Estuary Study.'6  The estuary reaches of the Pike and Root Rivers and of Oak
Creek, Pike Creek, and Sauk Creek have not been specifically addressed in the
initial plan or in this update because of the complexity of the estuaries. It
is envisioned that supplemental estuary studies will have to be undertaken to
fully assess the water quality related problems of these estuaries and to
intelligently assign appropriate water use objectives to all the estuaries.
Recommendations in this regard have been developed in an earlier prospectus.'7
Monitoring of Biological Invasives
The confirmed presence of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, in the Lauren-
tian Great Lakes, and specifically within that portion of Lake Michigan coastal
zone falling within the Southeastern Wisconsin Region, has specific implications
for the management of the coastal zone within this watershed and for the manage-
ment of other water resources in the Region. These animals have been known to
interfere with the beneficial uses of water resources throughout the Great Lakes
by blocking inlet pipes and encrusting other structures, causing both nuisance
and economic damage to these structures. It is recommended that their distribu-
tion within the coastal waters of the Region be monitored on a long-term contin-         I
uous basis by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), University of
Wisconsin-Sea Grant, and other agencies--especially power generation and water
supply utilities--as appropriate.    In addition, it is recommended that these
agencies also conduct regular reviews of appropriate control measures reported
in technical publications and apply such measures when and where necessary. It
is further recommended that the DNR and University of Wisconsin-Extension
continue public awareness campaigns and that the DNR provide the necessary means
for cleaning boats being transported from public boating access points in the
15Alvord Burdick & Howson and Applied Technologies, Inc., A Coordinated Sani-
tary Sewer and Water Supply System Plan for the Greater Racine Area; and
Ruekert & Mielke, Inc., A Coordinated Sanitary Sewer and Water Supply System
Plan for the Greater Kenosha Area.
16SEWRPC Planning Report No. 37, op cit.

17SEWRPC Prospectus, Lake Michigan Estuary and Direct Drainage Area Subwater-
shed Planning Program, 1978.-m
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