36             WISCONSIN     LEGISLATIVE MANUAL.

committed; vi hich county or district shall have been previously ascertained
by law.
  SECTION S   No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless
  on the presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases of impeach-
  ment, or in cases cognizable by justices of the peace, orsarising in the
army or
  navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public
dan-
  ger; and no person for the same ofliense shall be put twice in jeopardy
of pun-
  ishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against
  himself. All persons shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient
sureties,
  exceptfor capital offenses,when the proof is evident orthe presumption
great;
  and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended,
unless
  when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require.
  SECTION 9. Every person is entitled to a certain remedy in the laws, for
all
  injuries or wrongs he may receive in his person, property, or character;
he
ought to obtain justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it,
com-
pletely and without denial, promptly and without delay, conformably to the
laws.
  SECTION 10. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war
against the same. or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort.
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two wit-
nesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
  SECTION 11. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses,
  papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not
be
violated, and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched,
and
the persons or things to be seized.
  SECTION 12. No bill of attainder, ex postfacto law, nor any law impairing
the obligation of contracts, shall ever be passed; and no conviction shall
work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.
  SzCTION 13. The property of no person shall be taken for public use with-
out just compensation therefor.
  SECTION 14. All lands within the State are declared to be allodial, and
feu-
dal tenures are prohibited. Leases and grants of agricultural land, for a
longer term than fifteen years, in which rent or service of any kind shall
be
reserved, and all fines and like restraints upon alienation, reserved in
any
grant of land hereafter made, are declared to be void.
  SECTION 15. No distinction shall ever be made by law between resident
aliens and citizens, in reference to the. possession, enjoyment, or descent
of
property.
  SECTION 16. No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out of, or
founded on a contract, expressed or implied.
  SEcTION 17. The privilege of the debtor to enjoy the necessary comforts
of life shall be recognized by wholesome laws, exempting a reasonable
amount of property from seizure or sale for the payment of any debt or lia.
oility hereafter contracted.
  SECTION 18. The right of every man to worship Almighty God according